2019ASLA分析規(guī)劃類榮譽(yù)獎(jiǎng)：大同古長(zhǎng)城文化遺產(chǎn)廊道 | 北京林業(yè)大學(xué)、北京林業(yè)大學(xué)風(fēng)景園林規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)研究院

ASLA專業(yè)獎(jiǎng)評(píng)語(yǔ)：

中國(guó)長(zhǎng)城是世界上最重要的文化遺產(chǎn)資源之一，但這一古老的寶藏面臨著生態(tài)環(huán)境惡化、旅游機(jī)會(huì)減少、周邊社區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)衰落等問(wèn)題。基于對(duì)歷史和文化遺產(chǎn)的分析，廣泛的公眾參與，規(guī)劃策劃了一條長(zhǎng)達(dá)258公里的大同古長(zhǎng)城文化遺產(chǎn)廊道實(shí)施方案，為振興工作繪制了藍(lán)圖。植根于該地區(qū)的景觀和非凡的文化遺產(chǎn)，規(guī)劃團(tuán)隊(duì)開(kāi)始了重大的生態(tài)修復(fù)工程，建立了以旅游發(fā)展為目標(biāo)的景區(qū)，遺產(chǎn)廊道的建設(shè)不僅意味著場(chǎng)地的復(fù)興，更是長(zhǎng)城沿線社區(qū)的重生。

——2019年專業(yè)獎(jiǎng)評(píng)委會(huì)

^{China’s Great Wall is one of the world’s most important cultural resources, but this ancient treasure faces the deterioration of the local environment, a decline in tourism opportunities, and impoverished adjacent communities. Based on historical and cultural analysis, widespread public participation, and field plan for a 258 kilometer-long Datong Ancient Great Wall Heritage Corridor creates a blueprint for revitalization. Rooted in the region’s landscape and remarkable cultural heritage, the planning team has begun the process of significant ecological remediation, the establishment of scenic areas to anchor tourism development, and the rebirth not just of place, but of community.}

^{——2019 ASLA Awards jury}

項(xiàng)目概況：

長(zhǎng)城是世界文化遺產(chǎn)，人類文明寶藏。本規(guī)劃沿大同古長(zhǎng)城建立了一條長(zhǎng)度258公里，涉及面域186平方公里的文化遺產(chǎn)廊道，涉及遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)、生態(tài)修復(fù)、文化旅游、村域經(jīng)濟(jì)等多項(xiàng)目標(biāo)。

^{The Great Wall is a world cultural heritage, and a treasure of human civilization. The planning of Datong Ancient Great Wall Cultural Heritage Corridor has constructed a linear heritage corridor of 258km in length and 186km2 in area, which can realize relics protection, ecological remediation, cultural tourism, village revitalization and many other goals.}

^{圖1 大同古長(zhǎng)城的復(fù)興}

大同古長(zhǎng)城主要為明代（AD1368-1644）建造，雖歷經(jīng)滄桑，依然大部分存留至今。2017年，大同市政府提出沿長(zhǎng)城建立一條文化遺產(chǎn)廊道。

^{The Datong Ancient Great Wall was mainly built in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1368-1644), and despite of all vicissitudes over history, its main parts have managed to remain till today. In 2017, the Datong Municipal Government proposed the conception of building the cultural heritage corridor of the ancient Great Wall.}

^{圖2 大同古長(zhǎng)城歷史概覽}

大同自古就在游牧民族和農(nóng)耕民族的分界線上，長(zhǎng)城就是農(nóng)耕民族構(gòu)建的一套防御體系。隨著游牧民族威脅的消失，長(zhǎng)城也日漸衰敗。

^{Since ancient times, Datong sit at the boundary of nomadic peoples and agricultural peoples, and the Great Wall served as a defense system built up by agricultural peoples. With the fading of the threats posed by nomadic peoples, the Great Wall has gradually declined day by day as well.}

^{圖3 挑戰(zhàn)與目標(biāo)}

因?yàn)榉N種原因，大同古長(zhǎng)城遺產(chǎn)屢遭蠶食破壞，周邊生態(tài)環(huán)境惡化、旅游基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施發(fā)展遲滯、百姓生活貧困。

^{The Datong Ancient Great Wall heritage has been constantly subjected to erosions and damages, and its surroundings now face deterioration of ecological environment, stagnation of tourism and poverty of residents.}

^{圖4 規(guī)劃進(jìn)程}

一個(gè)涵蓋多個(gè)相關(guān)專業(yè)的專家工作組被建立起來(lái)，工作組對(duì)場(chǎng)地進(jìn)行了細(xì)致的調(diào)研和數(shù)據(jù)收集，并且深入村落和社區(qū)廣泛收集意見(jiàn)。

^{A team of experts covering a number of related specialties was set up. The team conducted detailed investigation and data collection on the site, and went deep into villages and communities to collect opinions.}

^{圖5 文化遺產(chǎn)的空間分布}

通過(guò)對(duì)于古長(zhǎng)城文化遺產(chǎn)的分析發(fā)現(xiàn)，高等級(jí)的遺產(chǎn)大多分布在距離長(zhǎng)城1000m的范圍內(nèi)，這為確定遺產(chǎn)廊道的空間格局提供了依據(jù)。

^{Through the analysis of the cultural heritage of the Ancient Great Wall, it is found that the high class heritage is mostly distributed within the range of 1000m from the Great Wall, which provides a basis for determining the spatial pattern of the heritage corridor.}

^{圖6 遺產(chǎn)廊道空間格局}

依據(jù)長(zhǎng)城及其周邊五大類遺址的分布和保存現(xiàn)狀，規(guī)劃將古長(zhǎng)城遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)的空間格局分為四個(gè)層級(jí)，以實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)于長(zhǎng)城遺產(chǎn)的分級(jí)保護(hù)和發(fā)展。

^{Based on the distribution and conservation status of the Great Wall and the five types of relics nearby, the planning has divided the spatial pattern for ancient Great Wall heritage protection into four levels, so as to realize the graded protection and development of the Great Wall heritage.}

^{圖7 生態(tài)修復(fù)}

通過(guò)科學(xué)的分析，一個(gè)集約有效的生態(tài)修復(fù)面域被確定下來(lái)。規(guī)劃以當(dāng)?shù)卦参锶郝錇樗{(lán)本，在生態(tài)修復(fù)區(qū)構(gòu)建低維護(hù)的人工植被群落，每個(gè)群落都考慮為動(dòng)物提供相應(yīng)的棲息地。

^{A region for intensive and effective ecological remediation is determined. The planning takes local native vegetation community as blueprints, constructs artificial vegetation community requiring low-maintenance in area of ecological remediation, and provides habitats for animals in each community.}

^{圖8 重點(diǎn)發(fā)展區(qū)域（景區(qū)）遴選}

通過(guò)對(duì)長(zhǎng)城沿線文化遺產(chǎn)和自然資源的評(píng)估和分級(jí)，確定了12個(gè)優(yōu)質(zhì)資源集中的區(qū)域作為重點(diǎn)發(fā)展區(qū)域（景區(qū)），作為整個(gè)遺產(chǎn)廊道的核心吸引物進(jìn)行重點(diǎn)發(fā)展。

^{The cultural heritages and natural resources along the Great Wall have been assessed and rated to determine 12 areas with concentrated high-quality resources as scenic areas for key construction as the core attractions of the entire heritage corridor.}

^{圖9 貫穿全線的慢行基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施}

一條全長(zhǎng)255公里的旅游公路和自行車道將長(zhǎng)城沿線串聯(lián)起來(lái)，外側(cè)設(shè)置彈性的帶狀綠廊；公路沿線設(shè)置12個(gè)驛站和若干休憩點(diǎn)，形成貫穿全線的慢行基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施體系。

^{A sightseeing road & bike lane system, 255km in total length, will be built to connect the Great Wall into an organic whole; a flexible belt-like green corridor will be constructed on the exterior; 12 service centers attached to the scenic areas will be set up along the road to create a continuous system of facilities for tourism services.}

^{圖10 重點(diǎn)發(fā)展區(qū)域（景區(qū)）規(guī)劃——得勝堡景區(qū)為例}

為保證長(zhǎng)城遺產(chǎn)不被干擾，景區(qū)內(nèi)的生態(tài)修復(fù)和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)需要非常謹(jǐn)慎。經(jīng)過(guò)科學(xué)的分析生態(tài)敏感度、遺產(chǎn)分布、現(xiàn)狀基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施等要素，一套低干擾的設(shè)施體系被建立起來(lái)。

^{To protect the historical features of the Great Wall, the vegetation restoration and tourism facilities in the scenic areas have been carefully considered. Based on a comprehensive analysis on ecological sensitivity, relics distribution, building suitability and other elements, a set of minimum interference schemes is established.}

^{圖11 景區(qū)鳥(niǎo)瞰——得勝堡景區(qū)為例}

景區(qū)內(nèi)恢復(fù)自然地貌，構(gòu)建獨(dú)具地域特色的植被群落，形成秀麗的自然植物景觀。建立游覽步道、游客中心、休閑游憩、餐飲住宿等服務(wù)設(shè)施，配合導(dǎo)覽、文化科普和自然科普設(shè)施，形成景區(qū)服務(wù)與解說(shuō)系統(tǒng)。

^{Through recovery of natural topography, such vegetation community with unique regional features could be created. A system of scenic area services and interpretation will be built, consisting of sightseeing trails, tourist service centers, leisure & recreation, dining & accommodation and other service facilities, supplemented by tour guides, and popularization facilities for culture and natural science.}

^{圖12 景區(qū)內(nèi)部——得勝堡景區(qū)為例}

景區(qū)的生態(tài)環(huán)境將得以修復(fù)，所有服務(wù)設(shè)施的材料、顏色、形式都來(lái)自長(zhǎng)城及其周邊，使其低調(diào)的消隱在遺產(chǎn)環(huán)境之中。規(guī)劃以增強(qiáng)現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)（AR）再現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)城歷史的科普方式，游客在特定地點(diǎn)，可通過(guò)手機(jī)掃描二維碼，顯示出此處歷史上某些特定場(chǎng)景與遺跡疊加的景象。

^{The ecological environment of scenic areas is restored, and the layout, materials, colors and forms of all service facilities all come from the Great Wall and its surrounding areas and are blended in a low-key manner into the heritage environment. what’s more, the technique of Augmented Reality was introduced to reproduce the history scenes of the Great Wall.}

^{圖13 村域產(chǎn)業(yè)引導(dǎo)}

通過(guò)政府財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼、科技支持和規(guī)模化經(jīng)營(yíng)，引導(dǎo)農(nóng)民種植實(shí)現(xiàn)增產(chǎn)增收；鼓勵(lì)長(zhǎng)城沿線村民能夠通過(guò)參與建設(shè)、保護(hù)、維護(hù)和運(yùn)營(yíng)的方式，投入到文化遺產(chǎn)廊道全生命周期之中，讓這些軍墾戍邊人的后代，依靠長(zhǎng)城而改善了生活。

^{By means of fiscal subsidies from government, support by scientific research institution, operation of scales and so forth, rural people will be guided on the plantation to increase production yield and their income; villagers will be guided to develop folk tourism and introduce developers for investment and operation, in order to lift the local rural people out of poverty and make them better off.}

^{圖14 項(xiàng)目進(jìn)展——生態(tài)修復(fù)工程}

經(jīng)過(guò)一年多的建設(shè)，目前，總投資2.14億美元的植被修復(fù)工程已經(jīng)完成過(guò)半，近1.5億株苗木被栽植在荒山、溝壑、谷地和平原上，為長(zhǎng)城筑起了一道美麗的生態(tài)屏障。

^{After a year of construction, the project of ecological remediation with a total investment of  214 million USD has been basically completed, nearly 150 million trees have been planted on barren mountains, ravines, valleys and plains, creating a beautiful ecological barrier for the Great Wall.}

^{圖15 項(xiàng)目進(jìn)展——慢行基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施}

沿古長(zhǎng)城文化遺產(chǎn)廊道的旅游公路局部建成通車，個(gè)別景區(qū)已經(jīng)對(duì)游客開(kāi)放，盛開(kāi)的杏花和充滿魅力的長(zhǎng)城吸引了大量游客前來(lái)觀光。

^{The sightseeing road along the Great Wall have been partially put into use, some scenic area have been opened to tourists, the blooming apricot flowers and the charming Great Wall have attracted a large number of visitors.}

^{圖16 項(xiàng)目總平面}

通過(guò)激發(fā)長(zhǎng)城遺產(chǎn)蘊(yùn)含的能量，有望獲得巨大的衍生效益。本規(guī)劃協(xié)調(diào)了保護(hù)與發(fā)展、文化與生態(tài)、景觀與社會(huì)等多個(gè)方面，可以預(yù)見(jiàn)的是，這一區(qū)域?qū)⒁驗(yàn)殚L(zhǎng)城的保護(hù)與可持續(xù)發(fā)展而復(fù)興。

^{The planning has fully invigorated the derived benefits of cultural heritages, brought a balance to the benefits in a variety of aspects of protection and development, culture and tourism, industry and ecology etc., It’s foreseeable that this particular area will be revitalized as a result of the protection and flexible development of the Great Wall.}

規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)：

本規(guī)劃由北京林業(yè)大學(xué)園林學(xué)院、林學(xué)院、水土保持學(xué)院的師生和北京林業(yè)大學(xué)風(fēng)景園林規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)研究院（BLLA）的設(shè)計(jì)師通力合作完成，他們是（包括但不限于）：

主持人：李運(yùn)遠(yuǎn)、馮瀟

總設(shè)計(jì)師：馮瀟

總體規(guī)劃：李運(yùn)遠(yuǎn)、張?jiān)坡?/p>

風(fēng)景園林：趙晶、頓實(shí)、白樺琳、王宏達(dá)、稅嘉陵、李爽、趙可極、陳思琪、王亞迪、劉昱含、程文宇、黃思成、武亞男

地理信息系統(tǒng)：王佳、張隆裕

生態(tài)修復(fù)：李國(guó)雷、史文輝、姚光剛

風(fēng)景建筑：段威、周超

文化旅游：王忠君、吳若云

本規(guī)劃在設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)施的過(guò)程中，得到了大量來(lái)自大同市政府、大同市林業(yè)局、長(zhǎng)城保護(hù)協(xié)會(huì)等機(jī)構(gòu)專家和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的支持，他們是（包括但不限于）：

大同市政府：劉振國(guó)

大同市林業(yè)局：張宏?yáng)|、武俊勝、宋昌、李輝、王杰、李建剛

山西長(zhǎng)城保護(hù)協(xié)會(huì)：陳福仁

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