武漢平和坊百年歷史街區景觀及室內公區設計 | UAO瑞拓設計

歷史

History

項目處于漢口原英租界區內，場地內有數棟百年歷史保護建筑。城市化的進程，帶來了原有租界地塊建筑功能的轉變；始建于1905年的平和打包廠，原來是英商利德爾兄弟創立的平和洋行的棉花打包倉庫；改革開放之后，分散出租作為旅館、酒吧、倉儲等各種功能。新的改造設計，則將之整合改造、轉換成為文化創意產業園區。

The project is located in the former British leased area of Hankou where there are several century-old proteced buildings. The process of urbanization has brought about the transformation of the building functions of the original concession plots. Built in 1905, the Pinghe Packaging Factory, originally was a foreign cotton packaging warehouse founded by the British business Liddell Brothers; After the reform and opening-up, it was scattered and rented out as hotels, bars, warehouses and other functions. The new transformation design will integrate and transform it into a cultural and creative industrial park.

▼夜景鳥瞰

Aerial night view ?趙奕龍

▼項目概覽

Overall of the project ? 趙奕龍

場地中心位置是建于1913年的魯茲故居（解放前為主教住所，現在是江岸區博物館）；而項目現場中央的空地，原來的教堂建筑因為修建長江上第一條過江隧道已被拆除；這個空場地被幾個權屬單位各自分割成自己的小院子：魯茲故居周邊的院子成為博物館室外收藏的堆場；圍繞長江隧道的通風豎井的院子占據著大部分沿勝利街的空間，通風豎井被建成仿古鐘塔的造型，成為場地中一個最高的構筑物，具有無可置疑的標志性。

The center of the site is the former residence of Lutz, which was built in 1913 (It was the bishop's residence before liberation, and is now the museum of the riverbank district). And in the central space of the project site, the original church building has been removed for the construction of the first tunnel across the Yangtze River. The vacant lot was divided into small courtyards by several ownership units: The courtyard around Lutz’s house has become a outdoor repository for the museum’s collection; The courtyard around the ventilation shaft of the Yangtze River Tunnel occupies most of the space along Shengli Street. The ventilation shaft has been built in the shape of an ancient bell tower, becoming one of the tallest structures in the site and an unmistakable landmark. 

▼改造前的和平坊與周邊的歷史建筑

The site before renovation and the surrounding historical buildings ?UAO瑞拓設計

場地北側外貿局宿舍和原鄱陽街小學早已騰退，原來的院墻將場地分成更細小的、互不相通的空間格局。場地西北角則是建于1893年的俄國東正教堂，它獨自占領著地塊道路轉角的一個位置，在幾年前的改造過程中，它也形成了自己獨立的一個院落空間。場地周邊的四條道路之外，百年歷史保護建筑環伺：圣教書局、景明洋行大樓、保安洋行大樓、麥加利銀行、葉蓬故居、沙遜洋行等。這些歷史建筑風格各異，它們與地塊內的平和打包廠一起，共同形成了原英租界建筑群的城市面貌和肌理。

On the north side, the dormitory of the Foreign Trade Bureau and the original Poyang Street Primary School have long been vacated, and the original courtyard wall has divided the site into a smaller and mutually isolated spatial pattern. On the northwest corner of the site is the Russian Orthodox Church built in 1893, which occupies a position on the corner of the road. During the renovation process a few years ago, it also formed a courtyard space of its own. In addition to the four roads around the site, the century-old preservation buildings are surrounded by Shengteaching Bureau, Jingming Foreign Bank Building, Bao’an Foreign Bank Building, Mechali Bank, Ye Peng’s Former Residency, Shaxun Foreign Bank, etc. These historic buildings are of different styles, and together with the Ping Ping packaging plant on the site, they form the urban appearance and texture of the original British Concession complex.

▼場地分析圖

Site analysis diagram ?UAO瑞拓設計

軸線

Axis

景觀設計的第一步就是延續這個區域的城市肌理，通過梳理地塊的功能和空間布局，整合織補原來零碎分割的場地空間，從而響應城市規劃對本區塊的城市軸線要求。這個城市軸線并不是在英租界時期形成的，而是因為長江隧道明挖法施工而形成的一個垂江的通道。這個通道不得已破壞了原有租界區的肌理和密度，但從另外有利的一面來看，它又提供了高密度街區難得的公共綠地空間，兼顧了垂江綠廊的功能，將來也會和武漢長江岸邊的漢口江灘公共綠地發生連接。

The first step of landscape design is to extend the urban texture of this area. By sorting out the functions and spatial layout of the plots, the original fragmented space is integrated and knitted, so as to respond to the urban axis requirements of this area in urban planning. The axis of the city was not formed during the British Concession, but as a conduit to the Yangtze River due to the open-cut construction of the tunnel. This passage destroyed the texture and density of the original concession area, but from the other side, it provides a rare public green space in the high-density block, and has the function of a green corridor hanging along the river. In the future, it will also connect with the public green space of Hankou River Beach on the bank of the Yangtze River in Wuhan.

▼改造后的平和坊鳥瞰

Aerial top view of the project ?趙奕龍

織補

Darning

打通垂江綠廊軸線的第一步，就必須拆除地塊之間的圍墻，織補原來被分割成各個小權屬的地塊，扭轉原有內部非常復雜平面流線，整合成可以互相通達的空間。也得益于各個權屬單位的無私支持，順利將圍墻拆除或后移后，形成了面向魯茲故居的中軸線廣場。 

In the first step of opening the axis of the green corridor, the walls between the plots should be dismantled, the originally divided plots should be mended, and the complex internal plane flow lines should be twisted to integrate them into interconnected Spaces. Also thanks to the selfless support of various ownership units, the wall was removed or moved back smoothly, forming the square on the central axis facing the former residence of Luz.

▼整合了零碎分割場地的新空間布局

The integration of fragmented spaces on the site ?趙奕龍

整合后的室外空間，既有開放的廣場、也有狹窄的巷道，形成密度不一疏密有致的空間。

開敞的廣場，使用尺寸規格大的花崗巖鋪裝；巷道空間則采用100*100mm的小料石鋪裝；平和打包廠的中庭，則采用100*50的細長條花崗巖鋪裝；不同規格的鋪裝，呼應了不同的空間密度。

The integrated outdoor space consists of both open squares and narrow alleyways, creating Spaces of varying densities. The open square is paved with large size granite; Roadway space is 100*100mm small stone pavement; The atrium of Pinghe Packing Plant is paved with 100*50mm slender granite; The different specifications of pavements echo different spatial densities.

▼呼應不同空間密度的鋪裝

Corresponding to the paving of different spatial densities ?趙奕龍

▼由巷子里看出去

Looking outside from the alley ?趙奕龍

▼由街巷仰視天空

Looking up to the sky from the patio ?趙奕龍

適度

Moderation

“適度設計”這四個字的對立面就是“過度設計”；近幾年，國內的景觀設計充滿著“過度設計”，尤其地產的售樓部景觀設計：充滿著堆砌元素和過度解讀文化，拼貼著網紅材料和過度追求精致，比如中式挑檐、干掛石材景墻營造的重重景觀遮擋，美其名曰“步移景移”；這些景觀項目最大的詬病一在于存在時間極短，樓一賣完即拆，浪費極大；二是“千城一面”，大部分售樓部景觀宛如復制粘貼出來的，缺乏創新和思想內涵。而且在最后的照片呈現方式上，過度修片，創造一個不真實的幻像。

景觀設計，比起建筑設計和室內設計，更需要追求適度的概念。景觀設計師，始終要把自己放在跑龍套的位置上，做好配角。那么，適度設計的判斷標準是什么?UAO主持建筑師李濤認為適度設計應該是遵循和分析場地的各種限制條件，得出恰當的解決方案的邏輯推理，同時在邏輯之上藝術化處理的一個過程（program）。

中軸線處于長江隧道上方，首先按建筑的規模來看，魯茲故居這個建筑體量不大，并不能承擔其軸線建筑的重任；但從城市區位來看，它處于兩側建筑的長邊圍合之下，透視縱深感強烈。為了讓魯茲故居擔當起軸線建筑的重任，設計了一個儀式感的淺水面來強化儀式感。當舉辦活動時，水可以放干，又成為廣場的一部分。

The opposite of “design in moderation” is “overdesign”. In recent years, the domestic landscape design is full of  “overdesign”, especially the landscape design of the sales department of real estate: full of stacking elements and over-interpretation of culture, collage of web celebrity materials and excessive pursuit of exquisite, such as the Chinese cornice, dry-hung stone feature wall to create layers of landscape block, and even call it by a good name of ‘trading the scenery with moving steps’. The biggest criticism of these landscape projects is that the existence time is very short, and the building is dismantled as soon as it is sold, which is a great waste. The second is ‘same imagines of the city’, most of the sales department’s landscape is like a copy and paste, lack of innovation and ideological connotation. And finally in the way of photo presentation, they over-retouched, creating an illusion of unreality.

Landscape design, compared with architectural design and interior design, needs to pursue the concept of moderation. Landscape designers, always want to put themselves in the position of walk-on, do a good supporting role. So, what are the criteria for appropriate design? Li Tao, the chief architect of UAO, believes that appropriate design should be a process of logical reasoning based on following and analyzing various limitations of the site, arrive at the appropriate solutions. At the same time, artistic processing is carried out on the logic.

The central axis is above the Yangtze River Tunnel. First of all, according to the size of the building, Lutz’s former residence is not big enough to bear the heavy responsibility of being axis building. However, from the perspective of urban location, it is enclosed by the long side of the buildings on both sides, with a strong sense of perspective and depth. In order for Lutz House to assume the responsibility of the axis building, a ceremonial shallow water surface was designed to enhance the sense of ritual. When an event is held, the water can be drained and become part of the square again.

▼強化儀式感的淺水面

A ceremonial shallow water surface was designed to enhance the sense of ritual ?趙奕龍

▼水面近景

Closer look of the shallow water surface ?趙奕龍

其次，“隧道上方”也成為限制設計的一個最重要的因素：不能種大樹，不能做永久建筑物；我們嚴格按隧道的影響線，來分別處理場地的布置。影響線兩側種植高大喬木，南側設計了臺階式草地和柿子樹，擋住平和打包廠后區的停車場；南側廣場配置銀杏和彈石鋪裝。

Secondly, “above the tunnel” has also become the most important factor limiting the design: no big trees can be planted, no permanent buildings can be built; We deal with the layout of the site strictly according to the influence line of the tunnel. Tall trees are planted on both sides of the line, and terraced grass and persimmon trees are designed on the south side to block the parking lot at the back of Pinghe Packaging Plant; The south square is equipped with ginkgo biloba and marble pavements.

▼南側的臺階式草地與柿子樹

The south square is equipped with terraced grass and persimmon trees ?趙奕龍

▼階梯式綠地細部

Detail of the terraced grass ?趙奕龍

▼北側的銀杏與彈石鋪裝

Ginkgo biloba and slingstone pavements on the north ?趙奕龍

雖然為了響應隧道上方不建永久構筑物，平和坊中軸廣場顯的“空”，但它為后期舉辦各種活動帶來了方便：2020年疫情后、UAO就在廣場上設計了一個公益性的臨時市集：“游樂敞2020”，市集用腳手架制作、按標準單元2*2*2組合，利用燈光和網格布的透明度形成漂浮在空中的“孔明燈”的形象。

In response to the fact that no permanent structures will be built above the tunnel, the central axis square of Pinghe Square is relatively empty, but it brings convenience for holding various activities in the later stage. After the epidemic in 2020, UAO designed a temporary public welfare market on the square: ‘Amusement 2020’ the market made of scaffolding, according to the standard unit  combination of 2*2*2, using light and the transparency of the mesh cloth to form the image of “Kongming Lantern” floating in the sky.

▼公益性的臨時市集：“游樂敞2020”

Temporary public welfare market on the square: ‘Amusement 2020’ ?趙奕龍

▼集市街景

Street view of the market ?賈然

▼腳手架與漂浮在空中的“孔明燈”

The scaffolding and the “Kongming Lantern” floating in the sky ?賈然 

在景觀大階梯草坪邊，用腳手架和歐松板，搭建了一個兩層的“街頭美術館”。

A two-storey “street art gallery” is built on the side of the landscaped lawn with scaffolding and aussom boards.

▼街頭美術館航拍

The scaffolding and the “Kongming Lantern” floating in the sky ?賈然

在周邊三大百年以上的古建筑圍合的廣場上，UAO用現代的構件和古典的建筑對比并置，增加場地的吸引力，從而達到更加開放和多功能復合使用的公共性。UAO也希望利用自己的力量做些公益設計，助力武漢，回報社會。

穿越周邊的巷子，則用竹子遮蓋住圍墻，每個小院落里保留了原有的樹木，但利用門洞嵌套的透視魅力，把幾個院落串聯起來。

In the square surrounded by three century-old buildings, UAO uses modern components and classical buildings to contrast and juxtaposition, increasing the attraction of the site, so as to achieve more open and multifunctional public use. UAO also hopes to make use of its strength to do some public welfare design to help Wuhan and give back to society.

In the surrounding alleys, bamboo is used to cover the walls. The original trees are kept in each small courtyard, but several courtyards are connected in series by the method of nested doorways.

▼保留原有樹木的小院落

The small courtyard with the original trees ?趙奕龍

▼竹子遮蓋住圍墻

Bamboo is used to cover the walls ?趙奕龍

▼門洞嵌套的透視魅力

Several courtyards are connected in series by the method of nested doorways ?趙奕龍

并置

Juxtaposition

歷史街區的景觀和室內改造，并不是因循守舊的過程，反而應該植入新的元素，體現當代感。這些新植入的部分，運用鋼結構、玻璃等當代的材料，與舊建筑的紅磚、水泥形成對比；將新與舊并置在一個空間里。 

The landscape and interior renovation of the historic district is not a process of sticking to the old ways. Instead, new elements should be implanted to reflect the contemporary sense. These newly inserted parts, using contemporary materials such as steel structure and glass, contrast with the red brick and cement of the old building. The juxtaposition of the old and the new in one space.

▼場地邊角位置的鋼結構建筑

The steel structure building at the corner of the site ?趙奕龍

▼新與舊并置在一個空間里

The juxtaposition of the old and the new in one space ?趙奕龍

在場地邊角的位置，原有的小樓增加了新的疏散樓梯，UAO通過外包鋼結構和彩色玻璃，將本來一個消極的空間，變成院落空間的端景。并置尤其體現在室內公共空間的設計上。

At the corner of the site, a new evacuation staircase was added to the original small building. UAO transformed a negative space into the scenery of the courtyard space through the outer steel structure and stained glass.The juxtaposition is especially reflected in the design of indoor public space.

▼外包鋼結構和彩色玻璃的疏散樓梯

Evacuation staircase with outer steel structure and stained glass ?趙奕龍

平和打包廠作為百年歷史建筑，在改造過程中建筑設計單位按新的規范增加了樓梯和電梯間；

UAO針對新增的公共電梯間等位置，用黑色鋼板為主要設計元素：鋼板材料具有可逆性，尤其是和歷史建筑的磚墻材料進行強烈的對比；鋼板被運用在樓梯欄桿和欄板、電梯間主題墻面、衛生間隔板造型以及屋頂花園等部分。鋼板結合樓棟分區的大尺度英文大寫字母燈箱，形成具有非常當代性的表達。

As a century-old building, the Pinghe Packing Plant has been renovated with the addition of stairs and elevators in accordance with the new regulations.

UAO uses black steel as the main design element for the new public elevator. The steel material is reversible and contrasts strongly with the brick wall material of the historic building. Steel plates are used in the railing of stairs, the themed walls of elevator rooms, the moulding of bathroom partitions and the roof garden. The steel plate combined with the large scale English capital letter light box of the building partition forms a very contemporary expression.

▼黑色鋼板為主要設計元素

Black steel as the main design element for the new public elevator ?趙奕龍

▼黑色鋼板和歷史建筑的磚墻材料產生強烈的對比

The black steel plate provides a strong contrast to the brickwork of the historic building ?趙奕龍

▼鋼結構與玻璃的運用

Application of Steel Structure and Glass ?趙奕龍

分區主題彩色涂料的應用，標示出各個樓棟的主題色，便于訪客快速到達指定樓棟和樓層。其他非重點公共部分，設計只變成“導則”存在，只對場地進行簡單的整理，增加安全設施和照明設施，只為彰顯建筑的原有風格和空間特色。

The application of zonal theme color paint marks the theme color of each building, so that visitors can quickly reach the designated building and floor. For other non-key public parts, the design only becomes “guidelines”. The site is simply arranged. Security facilities and lighting facilities are added to highlight the original style and spatial characteristics of the building.

▼走廊

Hallway ?趙奕龍

▼樓梯

Staircase ?趙奕龍

結語

Epilogue

平和坊的景觀和室內公區設計，既遵循將各區域建筑空間織補在一起的原則，也遵循新的設計與老建筑保留一定距離的原則。這不僅是物理距離，更多的是設計的年代距離、材料質感距離和空間尺度距離。尤其在空間上，在每一個尺度空間上，都將各個年代的材質集中地進行了展示和對比：紅磚、花崗巖、自流平、鋼板等；保留原有空間的老的味道，并展現老空間的韻味，將他們并置，又織補在一起，是本次改造設計的重點和核心。

The design of landscape and interior public area of Pinghe Square not only follows the principle of weaving the architectural space of each area together, but also follows the principle of keeping a certain distance between the new design and the old building. This is not only the physical distance, more is the age distance of design, distance of the material texture and distance of the space scale. Especially in every scale of space, the materials of each age are displayed and compared: red brick, granite, self-leveling, steel plate, etc. To keep the old flavor of the original space and show the charm of the old space, to juxtapose them and knit them together is the focus and core of the renovation design.

▼可以休憩的新空間

New space for rest ?趙奕龍

▼改造后的和平打包場室內公區

The indoor public area of thePinghe Packing Plant after the renovation ?趙奕龍

▼最初方案模型

The initial project model ?UAO瑞拓設計

▼場地模型

Site model ?UAO瑞拓設計

▼總平面圖

Master plan ?UAO瑞拓設計

▼景觀總平面圖

Landscape master plan ?UAO瑞拓設計

▼立面圖Elevation 

?UAO瑞拓設計

_{項目名稱：平和坊百年歷史街區景觀及室內公區設計}

_{項目地點：武漢}

_{設計公司：UAO瑞拓設計}

_{圖片來源：UAO瑞拓設計 / 趙奕龍 / 賈然}

_{景觀和室內公區改造設計團隊：UAO瑞拓設計}

_{主持設計師：李濤}

_{團隊成員：鄒月勤、張杰銘、王纖惠、孔繁一、李莉霞、龍可成、胡炳盛、晏羅蒂、蘇張希}

_{建筑設計單位：中信建筑設計總院}

_{中文：李濤}

_{翻譯：何岱恒}

_{Landscape and interior Commons renovation design team: UAO Design}

_{Host Designer: Li Tao}

_{Team members: Zou Yueqin, Zhang Jieming, Wang Xianhui, Kong Fanyi, Li Lixia, Long Kecheng, Hu Bingsheng, Yan Luodi, Su Zhangxi}

_{Architectural Design: CADI}

_{Chinese: Li Tao}

_{Translator: He Daiheng}

_{版權聲明：本文版權歸原作者所有，請勿以景觀中國編輯版本轉載。如有侵犯您的權益請及時聯系，我們將第一時間刪除。}

_{投稿郵箱：info@landscape.cn}

_{項目咨詢：18510568018（微信同號）}