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德國柏林ULAP廣場景觀設計 | 德國雷瓦德景觀建筑事務所

RLA德國雷瓦德 2021-04-22

原創

項目名稱：

Universum-Landes-Ausstellungspark
項目地點：

柏林（德國）
項目規模：

1.3公頃
設計公司：

德國雷瓦德景觀建筑事務所
委托方：

德國議會城市發展部
圖片來源：

德國雷瓦德景觀建筑事務所

背景介紹

^{Background Introduction}

ULAP (Universum-Landes-Ausstellungspark) 世界博覽會展館原名世界博覽會展館。這里曾經展出過世界最大的飛行器Dornier DoX。二戰中展館被炸毀，留下開闊的場地。此后植被自由生長，成為城市中難得的一片綠地。場地位于柏林中心區最繁華的地段。當時柏林主火車站即將完工，本就南靠德國聯邦國務部的場地，進一步成為通行要地。柏林發展局以“廣場”為題征集設計方案，強調提高其通行性。

The ULAP (Universum-Landes-Ausstellungspark) World Exposition Pavilion was originally called the World Exposition Pavilion, and once exhibited the world’s largest aircraft Dornier DoX. The exhibition hall was bombed during World War II, leaving an open space. After that, the vegetation grew freely and became a rare green space in the city. The venue is located in the most prosperous area in central Berlin. At that time, the Berlin main railway station was about to be completed, and the site of the German Federal Ministry of State to the south became an important place. The Berlin Development Agency solicited design proposals with the theme of “Plaza”, emphasizing improving its accessibility.

^{▲項目概覽 Overview ? REHWALDT LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS}

^{▲場地內草木茂盛 Lush vegetation in the site ? REHWALDT LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS}

^{▲階梯刻滿歷史痕跡 The steps are full of historical traces ? REHWALDT LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS}

方案探討

^{Plan Discussion}

正當其他競爭對手將場地定位為傳統的廣場，著手統一的鋪裝設計元素時，雷瓦德景觀建筑事務所的設計師們經過實地調研后，開始思考另外一種可能。經過多番討論，場地中心區域確定摒棄硬質鋪裝，定為素土地面。在一個以“廣場”為主題的競賽中，不得不說這是一個冒險的決定。

^{Just as all competitors positioned the site as a traditional square and began to unify the pavement design elements, the designers of Reward Landscape Architects began to think about another possibility after field investigation. After many discussions, the central area of the site decided to abandon hard pavement and set it as plain ground. In a competition with the theme of “square”, it must be said that this is a risky decision.}

^{▲在草坪及素土地面的多種方案中反復比較 Repeated comparisons in a variety of plans for lawns and plain soil ? REHWALDT LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS}

場地整體成三角形，是相對規則簡練的幾何形狀，為保持造型的統一，最終將山坡形狀確定為最簡潔的半圓。

^{The entire site is triangular, which is a relatively regular and concise geometric shape. In order to maintain the unity of the shape, the shape of the hillside is finally determined as the simplest semicircle.}

^{▲推敲斟酌山坡形狀 Consider the shape of the hillside ? REHWALDT LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS}

廣場東面為流暢明快的硬質鋪裝通道，核心部分則保留為綠地。為保證通行性，雜亂的底層植被被拔除。大量被保留及新種植的樹木充實了綠地的框架。這既留存了場地郁郁蔥蔥的特點，又用樹冠構筑出新的“屋頂”，用于紀念被炸毀的展覽館。

^{The east side of the square is set as a smooth and lively hard pavement channel, while the core part is reserved for green space. In order to ensure traffic, the messy bottom vegetation was removed. A large number of preserved and newly planted trees enrich the green space frame. This not only preserves the lush characteristics of the site, but also uses the canopy to construct a new “roof” to commemorate the bombed-out exhibition hall.}

^{▲場地落成完美復刻效果圖 The perfect reproduction of the site completed ? REHWALDT LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS}

成果介紹

^Introduction

東面通道以平整大氣的石板鋪裝為主，配以自行車架等各種出行配套設施。該區域靠近建筑群開闊處，適合設置露天咖啡廳等戶外設施。

^{The east passage is mainly paved with flat and atmospheric stone slabs, equipped with various travel facilities such as bicycle racks. This area is close to the open area of the building complex and is suitable for setting up outdoor facilities such as outdoor cafes.}

^{▲形式及工藝都體現了簡潔的美感 The form and craftsmanship reflect the beauty of simplicity ? REHWALDT LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS}

硬質鋪裝與素土相接處，用鋼條隔開，并整理出較平坦的地形，保持場地的整體性。核心素土鋪面既與硬質鋪裝柔和過渡，又方便種植樹木，還能更有效吸收雨水，實現場地內雨水收支平衡。綠地內部樹木的生長使地表微微隆起，這些不影響通行的地形變化都被保留。特別定制的鋪裝石板上，分散著與素土顏色一致的石粒。被行人帶到硬質鋪裝上的素土融入鋪裝，保持視覺上的整潔。

^{The hard pavement and plain soil are separated by steel bars, and a relatively flat terrain is arranged to maintain the integrity of the site. The core plain soil pavement has a soft transition with the hard pavement, and is convenient for planting trees. It can also absorb rainwater more effectively and achieve a balance of rainwater within the site. The growth of trees in the green space makes the surface slightly uplift, and these topographical changes that do not affect traffic are preserved. The specially customized paving slabs are scattered with stone particles in the same color as the plain soil. The plain soil brought to the hard pavement by pedestrians blends into the pavement to keep it visually tidy.}

^{▲長成后的樹木投下怡人樹蔭 The mature trees cast pleasant shade ? REHWALDT LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS}

^{▲鋼條分隔及特制的石板鋪裝 Steel strip separation and special stone paving ? REHWALDT LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS}

幾何形狀容易使場地支零破碎及產生疏離感。座椅面向尖角橫向排列，既使場地更統一規整，又形成歡迎之態。

^{The geometric shape easily breaks the site and creates a sense of alienation. The seats are arranged horizontally facing sharp corners, which not only makes the venue more uniform and regular, but also forms a welcome state.}

^{▲通過座椅排布整合場地 Integrate venues through seat arrangement ? REHWALDT LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS}

^{▲場地的親切感吸引居民步入 The intimacy of the site attracts residents to step in ? REHWALDT LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS}

^{▲座椅的質樸材質是塑造親切感的一個重要元素 The rustic material of the seat is an important element in shaping intimacy ? REHWALDT LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS}

破落的階梯上曾經發生了著名歷史事件“處決最后的莫阿比囚徒”。掙開石板爭取生長空間的樹根洋溢著自然的活力。設計師們保留了這段破損的階梯，只是保證其通行性，在左側增加了新路段。這樣的新舊結合，充滿了哲學的美感。

^{The famous historical event “execution of the last prisoner of Moabi” took place on the dilapidated stairs. The roots that broke away from the slate for growth space are permeated with natural vitality. The designers kept this broken ladder, just to ensure its accessibility, and added a new section on the left. This combination of old and new is full of philosophical beauty.}

^{▲新階梯使用同樣鋪裝，與落敗的階梯形成哲學對比 Using the same pavement new ladder, which forms a philosophical contrast with the failed ladder ? REHWALDT LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS}

^{▲掙破石板的樹根 Tree roots breaking the stone ? REHWALDT LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS}

階梯上設有兩處座椅。它們更好地融合著階梯與山坡，也提供了居高臨下駐足欣賞場地的機會。場地中雨水平衡的設計貫穿始終。階梯上的平臺踏腳處使用了金屬網，方便雨水滲入，提高了場地內雨水的消化率。

^{There are two seats on the stairs. They better integrate the stairs and hillsides, and also provide the opportunity to stop and admire the site from a high position. The design of rainwater balance in the site also runs through. Metal meshes are used at the platform feet on the steps to facilitate rainwater infiltration and improve the digestibility of rainwater in the site.}

^{▲金屬踏板細節 Metal pedal details ? REHWALDT LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS}

早在前期考察階段，設計師就對植被進行了采樣。山坡上的植物配置選用原生品種，以保證植被的健康生長，降低維護成本。

^{As early as the early inspection stage, the designer sampled the vegetation. The plant configuration on the hillside selects native varieties to ensure the healthy growth of vegetation and reduce maintenance costs.}

^{▲植物選用場地原有品種 The original species of the plant selection site? REHWALDT LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS}

^{▲城市綠地得以保留 Urban green space is preserved ? REHWALDT LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS}

夜景及冬景

^{Night and winter}

舍棄了座椅靠背及柱式照明的場地，展示出節制有序的韻律。木質為面，水泥為底，座椅在材料上配合幽靜的環境，在功能上給燈光設備提供藏身之所。柔和的燈光保證了夜間的安全性，又打造出與白天不同的寧靜的場景。富有節奏感的設計讓場地在寒冬白雪中別有一番肅靜之美。

^{Abandoned the seat back and column lighting venues, showing the rhythm of restraint and order. The wood is the surface and the cement is the bottom. The material of the seat matches the quiet environment, and the function provides a hiding place for the lighting equipment. The soft lighting ensures the safety at night and creates a tranquil scene different from the daytime. The rhythmic design makes the venue unique in the cold winter and white snow.}