伊朗霍爾木茲島Majara文化住宅設計 | ZAV Architects

項目介紹

霍爾木茲島位于南伊朗波斯灣的霍爾木茲海峽，是一個有著光輝歷史的港口，控制著來自中東的石油運輸，擁有不可思議的多彩景觀。然而奇怪的是，盡管這座島嶼十分美麗，且在旅游業和政治方面都有戰略性意義，此地的居民卻十分貧困，甚至利用船只進行非法交易活動。

ZAV建筑事務所主持設計的“霍爾木茲的風采”是一個私人機構出資的城市發展系列項目，意在為島上的社區賦權。項目的第二階段是名為Majara（意為“冒險”）的多用途文化性住宅項目，目標是在文化和經濟上將本地居民和游客連接在一起。

Hormuz is a formerly glorious historic port in the strategic strait of Hormuz in the Persian Gulf, South of Iran, that controls the shipment of petroleum from the Middle East. The island has outstanding colorful surreal landscapes. Oddly, the local inhabitants of the beautiful, touristic and politically strategic island struggle economically, getting involved in illegal trafficking activities using their boats. 

Presence in Hormuz is a series of urban developments by a private institution that hired ZAV Architects, in order to empower the local community of the island. Its second phase is a multipurpose cultural residence called Majara residence (meaning adventure) that ties together the lives of local people and visitors both culturally and economically.

▼ Majara頂視圖 

Majara top view ? DJI

▼從沙灘的小徑上觀Majara住宅（南部視角）

View of Majara Residence from upper path of the Soil Carpet Beach (South view) ? Soroush Majidi  

▼融入大地景觀的住宅

Majara Residence in the landscape ? Tahmineh Monzavi

我將如何受益？大眾將如何受益？

What’s to my benefit, what’s to the benefit of all? 

伊朗是一個在國際政治上飽受爭議的國家，每個建筑項目都會引發國家內部治理方案的討論，其中涉及根本性問題：建筑的邊界在哪里？建筑如何體現社區的政治傾向？建筑如何成為社會機構？

In a country where the state struggles with political disputes outside its borders, every architectural project becomes a proposal for internal governing alternatives, asking basic questions: what are the limits of architecture and how can it suggest a political alternative for communal life? How can it attain social agency? 

▼建筑的建設過程中，是否可以將更多的預算用于勞動力成本，而不是昂貴的進口材料，并使用當地材料來創造附加價值，提升GDP并保護私人和公共利益？

Can architecture, through its construction and implementation, earmark a bigger share of the budget to labor costs instead of expensive imported materials, and use locally available materials in order to create added value, increase the GDP and protect private and public interests alike? ? ZAV Architect

▼建筑是否可以不花費巨額預算，僅憑借彈性的設計，創造出中產階級夢想的生活居所？

Can architecture, without spending huge budgets and only with its resilience create encouraging spatial senarios that porvide a chance for the middle-class population to dream about their habitat and everyday living space? ? ZAV Architect

▼除了生產美觀的物體，建筑的使命是什么？建筑是否有能力通過連接環境和時間來提升人們的幸福感？除了自下而上的方式，還有別的組織社區或社會的方式嗎？

Can an architectural project be a chance to reflect on basic questions such as what is the mission of architecture other than producing aesthetically pleasing objects? does architecture have the capacity to elevate peple's well-being by staying relevant to its context and time? What are the alternative ways of organizing a community/soceity from a bottom-up perspective? ? ZAV Architect

▼一個霍爾木茲島的小女孩望著Maraja的穹隆

A Hormuzi Child looking at the domes ? Soroush Majidi

從國家到投資人再到不同階級的人群，建筑有能力協調不同人群的利益。Majara項目正是通過集合不同人群，如每年來霍爾木茲組織大地藝術活動的鄰近海港Bandar Abbas的土地所有者、來自首都德黑蘭的投資者、以及霍爾木茲當地人等，讓他們共同參與設計，從而發揮建筑的協調屬性。

Architecture has the capacity be a mediator in the middle ground that converges the interests of different groups, from the state and investors to various classes and groups of people. Majara does so in bringing together the owners of land from the neighboring port of Bandar Abbas who organize an annual landart event in Hormuz, the investors from the capital city Tehran, and the local people of Hormuz as partners in the project.

▼項目利益相關者和參與者合影

Group photo of different stakeholders and participants in the project ? Tahmineh Monzavi

▼來自不同社會階層的人群在Majara住宅的餐廳共處

Visitors from different social classes in the restaurant of Majara Residence in coexistence ? Tahmineh Monzavi

▼Taniya用她自己的方式給項目取名“小彩房”

“Taniya” named the residence her own way: “Tiny colored houses” ? Payman Barkhordari

由于伊朗被經濟制裁，GDP的提高能夠驅動社會的變化。該項目通過：1. 經濟地建造，讓委托方受益；2. 提高勞動成本的預算，而不追求昂貴的進口材料，讓當地人受益，通過提供有關建造技術的培訓賦予他們創收的能力；3. 一個可以響應無法預知的需求的具有適應性和前瞻性的空間設計方案，讓委托方和霍爾木茲島本身受益；4. 使用伊朗本國的建筑材料和人力，減少建造和運輸成本，提高GDP從而讓整個國家受益。

Under the economic distress of sanctions, increasing the GDP generates social change, which in this project is achieved by: 1. Building economically, to the benefit of the client. 2. Earmarking a bigger share of the budget to labor costs rather than expensive imported materials, to the benefit of the local population, empowering them by offering training for construction skills. 3. An adaptive and future-proof spatial scenario that can respond to unpredicted need, to the benefit of the client and the island. 4. Using materials and human resources from Iran, to reduce construction and transportation costs and increase the GDP, to the benefit of the whole country.

▼項目北側地勢較高，以公共空間（如入口大廳、商店、餐廳等）為主；南側地勢較低，為居住區（綠色部分）

Physical program ? ZAV Architecture

▼公共功能空間

Upper level spatial unit colonies ? Payman Barkhordari

▼入口大廳

Entrance hall ? Tahmineh Monzavi  

▼公共單元的內部

Hall inside a unit  ? Tahmineh Monzavi

▼為日光浴設計的陽光穹隆

Solar dome (for sunbathing) ? Tahmineh Monzavi

▼“Charta”是從公共區域到居住區域的過渡空間，同時也是從封閉空間向開放空間的過渡

“Charta” a semi-open space in the south of the site, for a gradual transition from closed to open spaces ? Payman Barkhordari

▼Charta作為外部和內部空間的交界

Charta as an interstice space between inside and outside ? Tahmineh Monzavi

▼Charta前的居住區入口廣場

Charta square: Entrance area of the accommodation section ? Tahmineh Monzavi

▼場地地勢較低的區域居住單元彼此相鄰

Adjacency of accommodation units in the lower level of the site ? Payman Barkhordari  

▼供四人居住的單元

Accommodation unit for four persons ? Tahmineh Monzavi

▼每晚20美元的居住單元內部

Interior space of Majara Residence priced 20 dollars a night ? Tahmineh Monzavi

▼本地生產的家具被用來裝飾空間

Locally produced furniture is used to furnish the spaces ? Tahmineh Monzavi

無數的“納德?哈利利”

Infinite Nader Khalili's

“霍爾木茲島的風采”是個持續的項目，其意圖不只是設計建筑，更在于建立信任，鼓勵大眾參與霍爾木茲島的項目設計，從而在設計過程中體現他們的利益。

該項目包括了多個小尺度的穹隆，通過納德?哈利利著名的超級粘土技術建成，這項創新又簡易的技術只需夯土和夯沙即可實現。穹隆是具有該地區特色的結構，較小的尺度與當地的工匠和未受訓練的工人的建造水平相契合。他們之前已參與了一些更小型的項目，為這次的建造做準備。如今，這些工人已被訓練成為使用超級粘土技術的石匠專家，仿佛納德?哈利利的分身，且人數呈指數式增長。

Presence in Hormuz is a continuous process aiming at building trust rather than architectural objects, in order to encourage the participation of local people and the inclusion of their interests in any intervention in the island. 

The project is a multitude of small-scale domes built with the superadobe technique of Nader Khalili, the innovative and simple technique using rammed earth and sand. Domes are familiar structures in the region. Their small scale makes them compatible with the building capabilities of local craftsmen and unskilled workers, which have been prepared for this project with previous smaller projects. Today they are trained master superadobe masons, as if Nader Khalili multiplied exponentially. 

▼無數的哈利利“們” 

Infinite Nader Khalili’s ? ZAV Architects

▼屋頂細部

Rooftops ? Tahmineh Monzavi 

▼臺階細部

Landscape stairs ? Payman Barkhordari

▼俯視圖

Top view ? DJI 

隆起的地表

Swelling Earth

土壤、沙礫、碎石或是石子，這些無數的多彩顆粒堆積在一起，形成了霍爾木茲島彩虹般的地勢。在該項目中，設計師從這些構建出當地生態交錯帶的顆粒中獲得靈感，好似編織出了一個有著顆粒狀繩節的地毯。構成空間顆粒（穹隆）的沙袋中裝滿了霍爾木茲港的疏浚沙，仿佛是地表隆起而形成的居住空間。

The infinite number of colorful particles, be they soil, sand, gravel or stone, pile up and form the rainbow topography of Hormuz island. In this project a carpet is woven with granular knots inspired by the particles that make up the ecotone of the island. The sandbags that create the spatial particles (aka domes) are filled with the dredging sand of the Hormuz dock, as if the earth has swollen to produce space for accommodation.

▼從微觀到宏觀的粒狀結構——裝滿沙粒的袋子構成了穹隆的結構，穹隆則成為整個建筑的空間顆粒

Granular structure from micro to macro level - sand particles fill in the bags that shape the domes, which are the spatial particles that make up the entire building ? Tahmineh Monzavi

▼從沙灘望向Majara住宅（南側視角）

Majara Residence, view from Soil Carpet Beach (South) ? Soroush Majidi

▼可行走的屋面

Walkable rooftops ? Payman Barkhordari

▼夕陽下的屋頂

Rooftops in the sunset ? Tahmineh Monzavi

▼建筑的形態和色彩呼應了島上的自然景觀，自完工以來，建筑成為了鳥群和羚羊的家園 

The building uses form and color to match itself to the natural landscape of the island. Since its completion, it has become the nest of bird flocks and home to local antelopes ? Payman Barkhordari 

▼建筑中的本土植物

Local plants ? Tahmineh Monzavi

▼夜景

Night view  ? Tahmineh Monzavi

項目圖紙

▼地形平面圖

Topography plan  ? ZAV Architecture

▼剖面圖

Sections ? ZAV Architecture

_總體信息

_{項目名稱：霍爾木茲島的風采 02 —— Majara}

_{完成年份：2020}

_{總建筑面積：10300 m2}

_{面積：4000m2}

_{景觀面積：6300 m2}

_{項目地址：伊朗，霍爾木茲島}

_{攝影：Tahmineh Monzavi, Soroush Majidi, Payman Barkhordari}

_{所有者：Ali Rezvani}

_{委托人：Ehsan Rasoulof}

_{Project name: PRESENCE IN HORMUZ 2 - Majara}

_{Completion Year: 2020}

_{Gross Built Area: 10300 m2}

_{Area: 4000 m2} 

_{Landscape Area: 6300 m2}

_{Project location: Iran, Hormuz Island}

_{Photo credits: Tahmineh Monzavi, Soroush Majidi, Payman Barkhordari}

_{Owner: Ali Rezvani}

_{Client: Ehsan Rasoulof}

_{版權聲明：本文版權歸原作者所有，請勿以景觀中國編輯版本轉載。如有侵犯您的權益請及時聯系，我們將第一時間刪除。}

_{投稿郵箱：info@landscape.cn}

_{項目咨詢：18510568018（微信同號）}