西咸沙河廊道生態濕地運動健康公園景觀設計 | 阿拓拉斯

項目背景

Project Background

西咸國際文化教育園位于西咸新區五大板塊的灃西新城中心，新絲路經濟帶起點位置，是兩城一體化的中心區域，灃、渭、新河三河流域腹地, 具備田園城市新型發展模式的規劃優勢及國家16個海綿城市試點城市的發展機遇，將打造成以健康、農業觀光、和教育研究產業為主的國際一流品質的文教園區。

Xixian International Culture and Education Park is located in the center of Fengxi New Town in the five plates of Xixian New District, which is the starting point of the new Silk Road Economic Belt and the central area of the integration of the two cities and the hinterland of the three river basins of Feng, Wei and Xinhe. It has the planning advantages of the new development model of garden city and the development opportunities of 16 national sponge city pilot cities, and will be built into a healthy, agricultural sightseeing and an international first-class cultural and educational park focusing on education research industry.

▼景觀鳥瞰——綜合性城市公園的營建

The bird eye view：the construction of a comprehensive urban park ? 顧海洋

園區經濟以大健康產業為核心，按照校園與社區共生、休閑與醫養結合、農業與城市融合的理念，以“四院一中心”為主線，以國際文化教育和現代都市農業為兩翼，以灃河、沙河生態濕地景區為襯托，建設集文化教育、醫療養老、休閑度假、觀光農業為一體的創新、協調、綠色、開放、共享的國際田園新市鎮。

Based on the concept of symbiosis between campus and community, the combination of leisure and medical care, and the integration of agriculture and city, the park economy takes the big health industry as the core, takes "four hospitals and one center" as the main line, takes international culture and education and modern urban agriculture as the two wings, and takes Feng River and Sha River ecological wetland scenic spots as the background to build an innovative, coordinated, green, open and shared international rural new town which integrates culture and education, medical care and elderly care, leisure and vacation and sightseeing agriculture together.

▼項目概覽

The overall views of the project ? 顧海洋

整體規劃目標

Overall Planning Objectives

西咸國際文化教育園沙河廊道試驗段項目位于沙河中游，南起學院三路，北至文教五路，長約1000米，寬度約150-350米，占地面積約38萬平方米。

項目定位“文化廊道、活力廊道、 生態廊道、景觀廊道 ”四大主題，沙河流域未來的發展無論在國家戰略布局，城市區位經濟發展，還是自然生態資源上都具有明顯優勢。規劃園區主要文教設施集中布局于沙河兩岸，但相對孤立，沙河景觀廊道具有作為兩岸文教設施連接紐帶的特除意義。

The Sha River corridor experimental section project of Xixian International Culture and Education Park is located in the midstream of Sha River, starting from Xueyuan Third Road in the south and Culture and Education Fifth Road in the north, which is about 1000m long and 150-350m wide, covering an area of about 38000㎡.

The project is positioned as "cultural corridor, vitality corridor, ecological corridor and landscape corridor". The future development of Sha River basin has obvious advantages in terms of national strategic layout, urban regional economic development and natural ecological resources. The main cultural and educational facilities in the planned park are concentrated on both banks of Sha River which are relatively isolated. Sha River landscape corridor has special significance as a link between cultural and educational facilities on both banks.

▼城市生態綠地

The urban ecological green space ? 顧海洋

面臨沙河現狀的嚴苛條件，如何圍繞新型城鎮一體化，城市與自然生態可持續發展、城市與新型農業產業協調發展以及城市歷史文化背景傳承發展來打造沙河的特點，是沙河景觀廊道成為城市發展的杠桿和引爆點，是此次規劃設計的最大挑戰。

設計師的愿景是塑造符合城市未來發展的多樣化景觀環境，讓沙河廊道試驗段完成三種角色的轉換：初期塑造文教園形象，體現大西安新中心的景觀示范作用；中期完善中央公園功能；未來形成綜合性城市公園。

Facing the harsh conditions of the current situation of Sha River, how to build the characteristics of Sha River around the integration of new towns, the sustainable development of urban and natural ecology, the coordinated development of urban and new agricultural industries, and the inheritance and development of urban historical and cultural background is the biggest challenge of this planning and design.

The designer's vision is to create a diversified landscape environment in line with the future development of the city, and let the experimental section of Sha River corridor complete the transformation of three roles: shaping the image of Culture and Education Park in the initial stage and reflecting the landscape demonstration role of the new center of Xi'an City, improving the function of the Central Park in the medium term, forming a comprehensive urban park in the future.

▼多樹種植物生態群落

The multi-functional plant ecological community of various species ? 顧海洋

設計理念與策略

Design Concept and Strategy

為體現沙河獨特的生態環境、人文底蘊和發展模式，設計師將“古道新綠，水潤新城”的新沙河賦用作設計理念，旨在從生態、田園、人文多角度理解沙河、感受沙河、建設沙河。

同時，為體現文教園新興城鎮一體化的城市特征，沙河建設的生態、田園、人文屬性，分別從沙河流域的歷史人文背景——灃河生態故道、關中農業印象、文教城市特色說起，作為沙河廊道體現文教園區生態城市、田園城市、人文城市的基礎。

In order to reflect the unique ecological environment, cultural heritage and development mode of Sha River, the design team use the new Sha River poem - "new green covers the ancient road, water runs the new city" as the design concept, aiming to understand, feel and build Sha River from the perspectives of ecology, countryside and humanities.

In order to reflect the urban characteristics of the integration of emerging cities and towns in the Cultural and Educational Park, the ecological, pastoral and humanistic attributes of Sha River construction are started from the historical and humanistic background of Sha River basin – Feng River ecological old road, Guanzhong agricultural impression and characteristics of cultural and educational city, as the basis for Sha River corridor to reflect the ecological city, garden city and humanistic city of the Cultural and Educational Park.

▼園區布局——硬質鋪裝與造型

The layout of the park——pavement and modeling ? 顧海洋

設計以恢復灃水故道的生態基礎為出發點，保留并改造利用現狀河道堤壩作為體現沙河歷史遺跡的城市記憶：通過恢復水系、水系形態、優化連貫北側坑塘、水體自凈循環、雨水收集凈化、合理規劃布局、現狀堤壩結合城市功能合理利用等七個具體策略實施，構建起安全、穩定的沙河自然生態系統，來體現對灃河故道的生態恢復。

以延續關中地區的農業傳統、慢節奏鄉村生活和綠樹環抱的鄉村環境為出發點，通過改革措施，保留優勢去除劣勢，建立符合現代人生活追求的都市田園生活。 

The design takes the restoration of the ecological basis of the old Fengshui Road as the starting point, retains and transforms the current river embankment as the urban memory of Sha River historical relics: it is implemented through seven specific strategies, which are restoring the water system, water system form, optimizing and connecting the north pit and pond, water self-purification cycle, rainwater collection and purification, rational planning and layout, and rational utilization of the current embankment combined with urban functions, to build a safe and stable Sha River natural ecosystem to reflect the ecological restoration of the old road of Feng River.

Starting from the continuation of the agricultural tradition, slow-paced rural life and the green tree surrounded rural environment in Guanzhong area, through reform measures, retain the advantages and remove the disadvantages, thus to establish an urban pastoral life in line with the life pursuit of modern people.

▼園藝植物豐富了景觀特色

Horticultural plants enrich the landscape features. ? 顧海洋

結合業態，將沙河古橋作為古代絲綢之路西出長安第一橋的絲綢之路歷史文脈；新型城鎮一體化作為現代絲綢之路創新城市的田園城市人文特色；文教園作為中國文教第一園的文教文化核心進行專區展示，構成沙河廊道人文景觀系統的特色。 

Combined with the business format, Sha River ancient bridge is regarded as the historical context of the ancient Silk Road, which goes out of Chang'an first bridge in the west. The new-type urban integration, as an innovative city on the modern Silk Road, has the humanistic characteristics of the garden city, and as the cultural and educational core of the first Cultural and Educational Park in China, the Cultural and Educational Park is displayed in a special area, which constitutes the characteristics of the Sha River corridor cultural landscape system.

▼項目總平面圖

The overall plan 

生態濕地運動健康公園——健康文化VS體驗性

Ecological Wetland Sports Health Park -- Health Culture vs Experience

生態濕地運動健康公園位于西咸沙河廊道項目內，主要服務對象為周邊居民和學校學生以及企業職工，以健康生活為主題定位公園屬性和功能。 

The Ecological Wetland Sports and Health Park is located in the Sha River Corridor project in Xixian, whose main service objects are surrounding residents, school students and enterprise employees, which takes healthy life as the theme to locate the attributes and functions of the park.

▼運動健康公園——入口景觀

The entrance of urban health park ? 顧海洋

▼景觀節點提供了運動場地

The landscape node provides site for sports. ? 顧海洋

設計構思：設計呼應周邊業態文化、休閑的整體定位，以營建城市健康公園、生態綠地為目的，通過以城市基調樹種為主體，多樣性多層次的鄉土樹種為支撐，還原城市生態綠地與多觀賞性、多功能性的植物生態群落的營建，結合健康養生文化主題嘗試使用園藝植物療法，強調體驗性、趣味性。 

Design concept: the design echoes the overall positioning of surrounding business culture and leisure, aims at building urban health park and ecological green space, and restores the construction of urban ecological green space and multi-functional plant ecological community by taking urban keynote tree species as the main body and diversified local tree species as the support, combined with the theme of health culture, trying to use horticultural plant therapy, emphasizing experience and interest.

▼體驗性與趣味性種植

Experience and interest of the planting design ? 顧海洋

▼汀步引導游人享受生態綠化環境

The steeping stones guide visitors to enjoy the greening. ? 顧海洋

表達形式：結合規則式樹陣和生態密林、自然半開放式密林、開放式草地等滿足游人不同空間使用的需求，集中種植具有園藝療法的植物形成藥草園，喬灌草的復層種植手法結合中心下凹式草坪形成雨水花園構建復合生態型綠地。 

Expression form: combined with regular tree array, ecological dense forest, natural semi-open dense forest and open grassland to meet the needs of visitors for different space use, plants with horticultural therapy are intensively planted to form an herb garden. The multi-layer planting method of trees, shrubs and grasses is combined with the central concave lawn to form a rainwater garden to build a composite ecological green space.

▼場地內豐富的種植表達形式

Diverse forms of planting expression within the site ? 顧海洋

▼開放式草地

Open grassland ? 顧海洋

控制條件：選用具有抑菌功能的松柏類植物凈化空氣；選用具有香氣的芳香類植物，沁人心脾使人身心愉悅；選擇無刺無毒的植物，避免游人誤食；力求三季有花、四時常綠體現季相變化，廣場及庭蔭樹選用秋色葉樹種，炫亮秋天的氣氛。 

Control conditions: pine and cypress plants with bacteriostatic function are selected to purify, the aromatic plants with aroma are selected for refreshing and pleasant, thornless and non-toxic plants are chosen to avoid accidental eating by tourists. The designers are strove to have flowers in three seasons and evergreen in four seasons to reflect seasonal changes. Autumn leaf trees are selected for square and court shade trees to brighten the atmosphere of autumn.

▼秋色葉樹點亮景致

Autumn leaf trees brighten the landscape ? 顧海洋

▼秋色葉樹作為背景烘托氛圍

Autumn leaf trees as the background to foil the atmosphere ? 顧海洋

植物種植設計

Plant Design   

沙河廊道不僅是對其中原有自然環境部分的合理維護與提高，更是通過模擬自然環境設計手段對其進行的再創造。綠化水平很大程度上取決于樹種的選擇和優化配置，設計師因地制宜、統籌考慮，堅持生態優先、適地適樹、適花適草，以豐富城市生態系統、提高生態效益；著重建設節水型園林，堅持喬、灌、草相結合，以建設復合型立體生態綠地系統。 

Sha River corridor is not only the reasonable maintenance and improvement of the original natural environment, but also the recreation of it by simulating the natural environment design. The greening level largely depends on the selection and optimal allocation of tree species. The designer adapts measures to local conditions and makes overall consideration, adheres to ecological priority, suitable trees, flowers and grass, so as to enrich the urban ecosystem and improve ecological benefits, focuses on building water-saving gardens, adheres to the combination of arbor, shrub and grass, so as to build a composite three-dimensional ecological green space system.

▼喬、灌、草相結合的生態綠地系統

Three-dimensional ecological green space system ? 顧海洋

海綿城市和低影響開發在項目中的應用

Application of Sponge City and Low-impact Development in the Project

由于咸陽地區屬于西北半干濕地區，在這類城市建設中因缺乏‘適宜性’的評價，一些南方地區和雨量充沛地區雨水利用和技術應有選擇的慎重使用。

如下凹式綠地在沒有雨水的季節，植物的品種和生長狀態因缺乏雨水而枯萎荒蕪，使景觀效果有很大反差，非雨季還需要用自來水來澆灌植物，由節水變成耗水；西北多是濕陷性黃土地區，簡單的雨水下滲會導致場地的不安全并會使景觀效果遭到破壞。

As Xianyang is a semi dry and wet area in the northwest, and due to the lack of "suitability" evaluation in this kind of urban construction, rainwater utilization and technology in some southern areas and areas with abundant rainfall should be used selectively and carefully.

In the following concave green space, in the season without rain, the plant species and growth state wither and desolate due to the lack of rain, which makes a great contrast in the landscape effect. Tap water is also needed to irrigate the plants in non-rainy season, which changes from water saving to water consumption. The northwest is mostly collapsible loess area. Simple rainwater infiltration will lead to the insecurity of the site and damage the landscape effect.

▼滲透鋪裝的綠色街道

Permeable paved green street ? 顧海洋

所以，設計師有選擇的使用目前常用的低影響開發模式進行設計，如滲透鋪裝的綠色街道、截水溝、植被草溝和適量的小型、分散、多樣式、耐干旱的雨水花園以及合理的生物滯留系統。同時，利用新技術和新產品，解決面源污染，在城市道路雨水口處安裝截污掛籃，在河道雨水出水口處設置沉沙井和浮渣隔離井等等。 

Therefore, designers selectively use the commonly used low impact development modes for design, such as permeable paved green streets, intercepting ditches, vegetation grass ditches, an appropriate amount of small, scattered, multi style and drought resistant rainwater gardens and reasonable biological retention systems. At the same time, new technologies and products are used to solve non-point source pollution, sewage interception hanging baskets are installed at the rainwater inlets of urban roads, and desilting wells and scum isolation wells are set at the rainwater outlets of river channels.

▼植被草溝

Vegetation grass ditches ? 顧海洋

▼生物滯留系統

The reasonable biological retention systems ? 顧海洋

_項目信息

_{項目名稱：西咸沙河廊道生態濕地運動健康公園}

_{項目地點：陜西省西咸新區}

_{項目規模：38公頃}

_{設計公司：阿拓拉斯（北京）規劃設計有限公司}

_{合作設計公司：北京易景道景觀設計工程有限公司}

_{設計時間：2017-2020年}

_{主設計師：盛葉夏樹、中里竜也}

_{工作團隊：趙少磊、吳霖玲、盧鑫、楊放、于雪巖、胡牟鄖}

_{委托方：陜西西咸文化旅游產業集團有限公司}

_{建成時間：2020}

_{圖片來源：顧海洋}

_{Project Name: Ecological Wetland Sports Health Park of Xixian Sha River Corridor}

_{Project Location: Xixian New District, Shaanxi Province}

_{Project Area: 38 Hectares}

_{Landscape Planning and Design: ATLAS（China）}

_{Cooperative Design Company: Beijing Yijingdao Landscape Design Engineering Co., Ltd}

_{Design time: 2017-2020}

_{Chief Designers: MORIBA NATSUKI, NAKAZATO TATSUYA}

_{Design Team: Shaolei Zhao, Linling Wu, Xin Lu, Fang Yang, Xueyan Yu, Mouyun Hu}

_{Client: Shaanxi Xixian Cultural and Tourism Industry Group Co., LTD}

_{Year of Completion: 2020}

_{Photographer: Haiyang Gu}

_{版權聲明：本文版權歸原作者所有，請勿以景觀中國編輯版本轉載。如有侵犯您的權益請及時聯系，我們將第一時間刪除。}

_{投稿郵箱：info@landscape.cn}

_{項目咨詢：18510568018（微信同號）}