俄羅斯扎賴斯克歷史中心改造景觀設計 | Basis Architecture Bureau

▼扎賴斯克街景

Zaraysk street view ? Basis Architecture Bureau

扎賴斯克歷史中心改造項目現已圓滿落成。在2018年度全俄羅斯小規模城市與歷史聚居地營造舒適城市環境的項目競選中，該項目摘得最佳項目獎。據俄羅斯城市個人博主Ilya Varlamov稱，由Basis 建筑設計事務所主持的扎賴斯克歷史中心改造項目被列入“2019年俄羅斯十大最佳公共空間”榜單。

對該事務所的建筑師來說，重要的不僅是為當地人和游客營建舒適的環境，這座城市的歷史特色也值得弘揚，并應展示出其獨特的魅力。

The project for the renovation of the historical city centre of Zaraysk has been completed. It won the 2018 All-Russia competition of the best projects in developing a comfortable urban environment in small cities and historical settlements. In 2019, the Zaraysk city centre renovation project by Basis Architecture Bureau was included in the list of "10 best public spaces in Russia 2019", according to independent Russian urban blogger Ilya Varlamov.

It was important for the architects of the bureau not only to create a comfortable environment for locals and tourists but also to emphasize the historical significance of the city, to show its uniqueness.

▼美麗而夢幻的扎賴斯克歷史中心廣場

The beautiful and dreamlike historical centre square of Zaraysk ? Basis Architecture Bureau

扎賴斯克是一座古老的小城，仍舊保留著過往舒適的生活節奏與溫暖的城市氛圍。這座城市與總督Pozharsky，商人Bakhrushins, Yartsevs和Sholokhovs的名字相關聯，陀思妥耶夫斯基(Feodor Dostoevsky)也出生在這里。盡管在過去的幾年里，城市文化與商業遺產已顯著地破敗，但扎賴斯克與陀思妥耶夫斯基當年生活過的樣子相比，并沒有太大變化——這就是它的魅力所在。19世紀的小型木材商人的宅邸是扎賴斯克城的重要歷史遺跡，水塔與教堂鐘樓依舊是這里的主要地標。集市區也還是在200年前的同一地段，而Krasnoarmeyskaya街則是在凱瑟琳二世時期修建的。根據該項目的規劃，歷史中心將融入到一處大型步道與游覽綜合體中，并在歷史遺跡周邊增添新的景點。

Zaraysk is a small ancient city that still retains the comfort and warmth of bygone eras. The city is associated with the names of the governor Pozharsky, the merchants Bakhrushins, Yartsevs, and Sholokhovs; Feodor Dostoevsky was born here. Despite the fact that over the past years the cultural and merchant heritage has noticeably deteriorated, Zaraysk is not very different from the city that Dostoevsky experienced - and this is its charm. It is dominated by small wooden merchant estates of the XIX century. The water tower and the church bell tower are still the dominant landmarks. The market area is still in the same place as 200 years ago, and Krasnoarmeyskaya Street was built during Catherine II reign. According to the project, the historical centre is combined into a large pedestrian and tourist area with new points of attraction around historical monuments.

▼城市地標——教堂鐘樓

Urban landmark——The church bell  tower ? Basis Architecture Bureau

水塔廣場

The water tower square 

磚砌水塔是這座城市的主要景點之一，它讓人聯想到城堡的主樓。為了突出其顯耀的地位，塔的四周設以白色大理石板與混凝土磚的對比式鋪裝。紅白兩色的小路呈放射狀地從街道匯集至塔樓處。考古學家在施工期間發現的古鵝卵石也被整合到從街道至廣場的道路中。環繞小公園的高速路上鋪設了紅色瀝青。

The brick water tower, reminiscent of the donjon tower is one of the main attractions of the city. To emphasize this dominance, a contrasting coating of white marble chips and slabs in the tone of bricks was created around it. Red and white paved paths converge in rays from the roadway to the tower. Historic cobblestone found by archaeologists during the construction works is integrated into the paving where the street enters the square. Red asphalt is laid on the highway circling the small park.

▼磚砌水塔

The brick water tower ? Basis Architecture Bureau

▼紅白相間的鋪裝從街道向水塔樓處匯集

Red and white paved paths converge in rays from the roadway to the tower. ? Basis Architecture Bureau

復古木制燈具與隨意擺放的橙色與紅色座椅為水塔廣場營造出親切而寧靜的氛圍。游樂場的白色大理石砂上點綴了木制設施。在春天，整個廣場都掩映在盛開的白色唐棣花叢中，與外界街道隔離開來。

The intimate and serene atmosphere of this place is reflected in authentic wooden lamps and randomly arranged orange and red chairs. The playground is equipped with wooden objects for playing with white marble sand. In spring the entire square is shrouded in the haze of blooming white shadbush hiding it from the roadway.

▼隨意放置的橙色與紅色座椅營造出親切而寧靜的氛圍

The randomly arranged orange and red chairs provide intimate and serene atmosphere. ? Basis Architecture Bureau

▼白色大理石砂與紅橙座椅相映成趣，兼具活潑與寧靜

The white marble sand，together with the chairs with red and orange colors sets each other off,  being quiet and lively. ? Basis Architecture Bureau

游戲廣場

The playground

設置有秋千的游樂場位于中央商店附近，兩邊鋪有小石子，是場地內的另一重要節點。與明亮的橡膠鋪裝不同，游樂場地所采用的天然鋪裝材料觀感自然，并適和開展與水相關的活動。此外，采用頂梁背光式照明的秋千、障礙穿越活動區與茶室廊亭，是新設計語言的組成部分，并被廣泛地運用在該城的其他區域中。

Another anchor point is a playground with swings near the central store lined with small pebbles. Unlike a bright rubber coating, natural materials look more organic here and are suitable for games with water. A backlit canopy hanging over a swing, a horizontal bar with an obstacle course and a porch of a tea house is part of the new design code and is repeated in several areas of the city.

▼游樂區的秋千

Swings on the playground ? Basis Architecture Bureau

▼秋千上方的頂梁采用了背光式照明

A backlit canopy hangs over a swing. ? Basis Architecture Bureau

▼障礙穿越活動區

An obstacle course  ? Basis Architecture Bureau

▼障礙穿越活動區與茶室廊亭相銜接

The  obstacle course joins the front porch of tea house. ? Basis Architecture Bureau

▼茶室廊亭

A porch of a tea house ? Basis Architecture Bureau

教堂與紀念廣場

The church and memorial square

在新的步道路線中，位于18世紀購物拱廊邊上的廣場和圣三一教堂是其中的重要節點。此處以花崗巖材料作路緣，且廣場與街道處于同一水平高度，使得這里可輕松轉變為大型活動的場地。以“永恒的火焰”為主題的二戰英雄紀念碑經修復后，通過鋪裝在視覺上得以凸顯。富于質感的花崗巖磚勾勒出曾經矗立在此處的小教堂，歷史便以這種方式被銘記。類似的改造手法也被運用在昔日的監獄所在地。紀念牌被融入到鋪裝中，牌上的信息由扎賴斯克克里姆林宮的主管收集提供。

The square near the shopping arcades of the 18th century and the Trinity Church is another important point on the new pedestrian route. Lined with granite and located on the same level with the roadway, it is easily transformed into a venue for mass events. The restored memorial to the heroes of the Second World War with the Eternal Flame is visually highlighted by paving. The history of the place is preserved with textured tiles of chipped granite which outline a chapel that once stood there. A similar approach is applied in another part of the city - where the gaols used to be. Memorial plates are integrated into the paving with information collected by the director of the Zaraysk's Kremlin.

▼以“永恒的火焰”為主題的二戰英雄紀念碑通過鋪裝凸顯出來

The restored memorial to the heroes of the Second World War with the Eternal Flame is visually highlighted by paving. ? Basis Architecture Bureau

▼紀念廣場上的鋪裝細節

Memorial square paving details ? Basis Architecture Bureau

展覽與走廊空間沿著購物拱廊布局。為了不遮擋歷史建筑的外立面與河谷景觀，這里將選種大型楓類灌木叢，而非高大樹木，從而為游人提供舒適的蔭涼環境。

在這樣一個典型的注重感官體驗的項目中，景觀總是扮演著重要的角色。盡管有些古樹位于道路上，建筑師們仍考慮優先保護這些高壽的樹木。非線性排列的大樹被特別設計的幾何型大草坪圍合在其中，樹下正好適合放置長椅。建筑師還種植了此地已消失的樹種——在廣場區有椴樹和花楸叢。如今，城市中有了花壇、學生的自行車停放區，以及為接送孩子的父母準備的停車場等便民設施。

Exhibition and corridor spaces are organized along the shopping arcades. In order not to obscure the historical facades and the view of the river valley, large shrubs of Ginnal maple giving a cosy shade will be planted here instead of big trees.

In such an authentic, "tactile" project, landscaping always plays an important role. The architects tried to preserve long-lived trees, even where they suddenly found themselves on the paved paths. Big trees planted non-linearly were "caught" in specially designed geometric lawns (creating a place for benches). The architects also restored lost species - a linden alley in the square, rowan bushes. The city now has flower beds, bicycle parking for schoolchildren and parking for parents bringing children to school.

▼刻意將樹木隨意散落地布置在廣場中

The scattered trees are planted specifically. ? Basis Architecture Bureau

照明設計的計算數據表明，使用高過木屋的6米高的路燈，以棋盤式布局在路兩側，能同時照亮步行道與街道。合成實木板的路燈是專為扎賴斯克城市設計的，這些木材將隨時間優雅地老去，只會為城市特色繼續增光添彩。

Lighting calculations showed that it was possible to illuminate the pedestrian part and the road together not only with 6-meter lights exceeding the size of wooden houses but also with double-sided lamps arranged in a checkerboard pattern. Compact wooden lanterns have been specially designed for Zaraysk that will gracefully age and only add to the town's identity.

▼水塔廣場照明設計

Lighting project of water tower square ? Basis Architecture Bureau

▼街道照明設計

lighting of avenue  ? Basis Architecture Bureau

Basis 建筑設計事務所的負責人Ivan Okhapkin說：“我們很清楚，要保護俄羅斯市鎮的氛圍，就不能運用任何現成的方式，即使這些方式在其他地方是可行的，比如使用標準制式的路燈、鋪裝與長椅。Basis 建筑設計事務所的設計概念圍繞扎賴斯克典型的地域特色來構建，從形狀、材料、植被與顏色等幾個方面展開。我們嘗試尋找那些會隨時間優雅老去的材料，因此相比于明亮而現代的材料，我們更喜歡使用木材；我們設計了由木材和銅組成的復古燈具；同時也將具有歷史特色的鵝卵石應用到鋪裝之中。我們相信以此打造出了新的城市特色。”

Ivan Okhapkin, head of Basis Architecture Bureau: "It’s clear that in order to preserve the atmosphere of the Russian county town, one can't apply any ready-made solutions, even those that "worked" elsewhere - standard street lanterns, paving, benches. The concept developed by Basis Architecture Bureau is built around shapes, materials, plants and colours typical for Zaraysk. We tried to find materials that would age gracefully: we chose wood instead of something bright and modern; we designed authentic wood and copper lamps; we also used historical cobblestone in the pavement. We believe that’s how a new urban identity is formed."

▼木制游樂設施

Wooden amusement facilities ? Basis Architecture Bureau

▼木制涼廊

The wooden porch ? Basis Architecture Bureau

▼長椅與燈具

Bench &Lamps  ? Basis Architecture Bureau

▼長椅

The bench ? Basis Architecture Bureau

▼石質車擋

Stone vehicle blocks ? Basis Architecture Bureau

同大多數公共項目一樣，其預算主要用在重點工程上，如水利設施、天然氣基礎設施開發、電力供應和廢水處理系統等方面。整個歷史中心的設計都基于無障礙原則，讓行動不便的人群也暢通無阻。

As always in the case of public design, most of the budget is invested in important works on waterworks, gas infrastructure development, power supply, wastewater disposal systems. The entire centre is designed according to the principle of a barrier-free environment suitable for people with limited mobility.

▼總平面圖

The overall plan ? Basis Architecture Bureau

▼水塔廣場軸測圖

The axonometric drawing of water tower square ? Basis Architecture Bureau

▼游戲廣場軸測圖

The axonometric drawing of playground ? Basis Architecture Bureau

▼教堂與紀念廣場軸測圖

The axonometric drawing of the church and memorial square ? Basis Architecture Bureau

▼林蔭路軸測圖

The axonometric drawing of the avenue ? Basis Architecture Bureau

_項目信息

_{項目名稱：扎賴斯克歷史中心改造}

_{項目地點：俄羅斯，扎賴斯克}

_{Basis設計事務所負責人：Иван Охапкин}

_{建筑設計師：Анна Анисимова Анна Гераймович Никита Пермяков Захар Смирнов}

_{總圖設計師：Александра Никульникова}

_{交通設計工程師：Кирилл Трактиров}

_{施工設計工程師：Роман Бросков}

_{功能與文化活動規劃師：Петр Гордеев}

_{綠化設計工程師：Екатерина Макарова}

_{照明設計工程師：Александр Угольник, Николай Угольник}

_{圖片來源：Basis 建筑設計事務所}

_{Project Name：Renovation of the historical centre of Zaraysk}

_{Project Location：Zaraysk，Russia}

_{BASIS Office Director：Иван Охапкин}

_{BASIS Architect：Анна Анисимова Анна Гераймович Никита Пермяков Захар Смирнов}

_{Overall Plan：Александра Никульникова}

_{Traffic Management：Кирилл Трактиров}

_{Construction Management：Роман Бросков}

_{Concepts of Functional Filling and Socio-cultural Programming：Петр Гордеев}

_{Greening Project：Екатерина Макарова}

_{Lighting Project：Александр Угольник, Николай Угольник}

_{Picture Resource：Basis Architecture Bureau}

_{翻譯&排版：胡碧喬}

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_{投稿郵箱：info@landscape.cn}

_{項目咨詢：18510568018（微信同號）}