江蘇江陰綠道步行橋及景觀設計 | BAU建筑城市設計

一枝獨秀

^{one of many} 

建設江陰綠道恰逢中國大力倡導健康、可持續性交通與城市悠閑之大好時機。如此大規模的城市基建工程，堪稱一種機遇，或者，更確切地講，純屬一種責任，在城市中打造蘊含寓意的空間。借此機遇，江陰已然躋身成為一座創新、奮進、宜居之城。

^{The Jiangyin Greenway belongs to a growing movement in China towards healthy, sustainable transportation and urban enjoyment. Infrastructure of this scale has an opportunity, or more correctly a responsibility, to create meaningful places in the city. It is also seen as an opportunity for Jiangyin to assert itself as a creative, progressive and livable city.}

鑒此，項目將分為風格迥異的四個部分。每一處景點均與所處位置之精髓高度契合。目前，環路北段已經修建完畢，通往船塢公園，正好映射出所承載的造船與港口歷史。環路東段與長江相連接。長江正是江陰所在地，所以，東段將突出展示長江的重要性。

^{Consequently, it will consist of four clearly identifiable segments, each with a unique response to the spirit of the place in which it is located. The north segment of the loop has already been built and passes through the docklands parks. It responds to the history of shipbuilding and its port function. This project, the eastern segment of the loop, leads to the Yangtze River, the river to which Jiangyin owes its existence. Consequently, this segment will respond to the significance of the Yangtze River.}

不僅僅是步道

^{more than a path} 

該項目絕非架空步道那么簡單，而是旨在營造更美麗的城市空間，將隨意分布且毫無關聯的景點串聯起來，融入現代美學之精華；解決民生問題；提升當地形象；打造詩意氛圍；注重成本效益，開發社交場所。

^{This project is more than just an elevated walkway, it seeks to generate better urban spaces, order previously random and disconnected decision making, engage with the best of contemporary aesthetics; solve problems, extend local iconography, be poetic, be cost effective, and open up social opportunities.} 

長江歷史

^{the river story} 

長江是一處舉世矚目的自然風景。正如多數自然風景一樣，人們身處喧囂的城市，日復一日，美景總是在不經易間被忽略。作為城市基礎設施又一新作，將再次向公眾展現長江氣勢磅礴的特殊風貌。綠色步道已成為長江及支流沿岸眾多城市的常見開發模式，沿著綠道縱向修建多個廣場與露臺。景點放置游客信息板，展示長江輝煌的歷史。

^{The Yangtze River is a remarkable natural phenomenon. Like many natural phenomena, the hustle and bustle of everyday life of the city can mean this remarkable piece of landscape can often be taken for granted. This new piece of urban infrastructure is a great opportunity to remind the public of the extraordinary aspects of this mighty river. The greenway path has become a scaled model of the Yangtze River with the cities and tributaries along it length becoming plazas and balconies along the greenway. At these locations visitor information boards place these events in to the larger river story.}

無縫對接

^Stitching 

項目現場高速公路全程架空。出乎意料地，得益于英明的工程決策，高速公路并未成為城市的屏障。但是，項目所處公園卻無法將城市有機串聯起來。事實上，長條形公園更加注重南北向連接。故而，大大地阻礙了東西向的暢通。 

^{The freeway is lifted off the ground for it entire length of the site. Contrary to what one would think, and thanks to this enlightened engineering decision, the freeway is not a barrier in the city. However, the park in which it sits is not as helpful in keeping the city well connected. In fact this linear park with its emphasis on a major north-south connection becomes a frustrating barrier to east-west circulation.}

針對理想線路與路徑進行細致入微的分析，重現公園活力，使其更具安全性。城市隨之變得更加高效靈動。另外，連接通道確保綠道與公園其它區域、比鄰街道以及人行步道網絡的暢通連接。

^{A careful analysis of desire lines and shortcuts can rejuvenate the park with activity, make the park safer, and make the city more efficient. The stitching paths also ensure that the green way is connected to the rest of the park and to the adjacent streets and pedestrian circulation networks.}

精巧驚艷的設計

^{responsive AND surprising}

總體來講，步道對既有道路及大量成熟植物進行了貼心與精妙的處理。項目設計清晰明白地闡述了步道特點：透明實心欄桿在保護隱私的同時，亦為游客打造出美妙迤邐的景致。高速公路隔音墻為人行步道營造出舒適感；兩旁栽種的喬木提供了遮蔭與獨立空間；開闊景點配置坐椅，可俯瞰湖光山色與運河風光；地標性大橋采用桁架設計，頗具雕塑式造型感；街道交匯處的階梯，將已有人行步道與綠道有機連接為一體。別具一格的附屬設施，為比鄰城市項目增色不少。

^{The path provided in the brief was a thoughtful and gentle response to the existing paths and the substantial well established planting material. The design of this project is a clear and legible response to this path, with: solid and transparent balustrades providing privacy or views; sound walls near the freeway for the comfort of the pedestrians; arbors to provide shade and enclosure; widenings with seating at locations overlooking lakes and canals; landmark bridges with sculptural trusses framing views for pedestrians; stairs located at street intersections to link existing pedestrian paths to the new greenway; and surprising additional programs that make the adjacent city programs work even better.}

規劃與建造

^{place making AND programming}

據說，好地方必定是承載著回憶的空間。然而，片段式記憶卻無法稱之為美妙的回憶。沿著綠道閑庭信步，總能串聯起各種各樣的大事件；圓形劇場可供表演與休閑；抬高的廣場配備永久性音晌設備，以供大眾娛樂休憩；運動場配置球場、滑梯以及柔緩坡道，適合各年齡階段的人們在此游玩嬉戲；不勝枚舉。通過各種處理，打造出一個讓人流連忘返的好去處。

^{It is said that place is space with memories attached. And that memories can’t be attached without articulation. Consequently the journey along this greenway is articulated with a number of variously scaled events; an amphitheatre for performances or relaxing on; a raised plaza with permanent sound instruments for all to play; an exercise playground with nets, slides and a gentle climbing ramp for all ages, to name a few – all providing the clarity and legibility to become memorable places.}

潛力無限

^{full of potential}

另外，在重要地段，設計增添了一些附屬設施。圍護結構詮釋了如何因地制宜地利用比鄰的既有道路與人行步道系統及新建綠道的地理優勢。附屬設施有助于完善景點裝備，使重要地段更具活力，綠道更加安全與人性化。此外，商業項目的租賃使用有利于降低綠道運營成本。擬建項目包括：兼具銷售與修理功能的自行車驛站；咖啡吧－酒吧－餐館；商店；健身館，等等。

^{This design also locates key places for optional programs and the building envelopes of these options describe how best to take advantage of their location adjacent to both the existing road and pedestrian system, and the new greenway. These optional programs can assist in making place and also generate more activity in key locations making the greenway a safer place to be. Rent from these commercial programs could also contribute to the running costs of the greenway. Potential programs include : bicycle hub for repair and sales; café-bar-restaurants; market; and gym sports shop.} 

整合所有組成構件

^{an integrated kit of parts} 

打造大型建筑與空間有兩個基本方法—加法式，對細節作添加處理。或者，減法式，針對大型建筑作細化處理。附屬工程常常有助于提升美感，核心在于糅合各種不同元素的理念。由此營造出一個非整合式效果。反之，減法式流程則可獲得一個整合式方案。每一個元素都是對建筑進行減法處理的結果，建筑自身即是一個減法元素。該項目采用減法式流程建造。

^{There are two fundamental ways to generate large-scale forms and spaces – by adding small things together or by starting with a large thing and extracting pieces from it. The addition process often leads to an aesthetic of accretion, which has at its core the idea of the articulation of different elements. This can lead to a non-integrated result. The subtraction process leads to an integrated approach, because every element is either the result of the subtraction of something or it is itself the subtracted element. It is the subtraction process that this project explores.}

項目設計基于對所有組成構件的全盤考慮，并整合為一體，將無序變為有序。不僅賦予項目多樣性，同時保留建筑的簡單結構，利于成本控制。

^{The design of this project is based on a kit of parts, but parts of an integrated whole not an assemblage of disparate elements. This kit of parts allows diversity but retains construction simplicity and cost control.} 

結構

^Structure 

綠道全程采用鋼架與預制件建造，從而降低對公園生態的影晌。

^{The entire greenway is built in steel and utilizes pre-fabricated to reduce the impact on the park.}

綠道露臺

^{greenway deck} 

采用全鋼結構設計以及彩色瀝青混凝土鋪裝；綠道作預制處理，具有維修費用低，耐磨等優點。

^{A steel structure with a coloured bituminous concrete screed gives the greenway both the potential for prefabrication and a durable low-maintenance, long-wearing surface.}

間隔立柱

^{column spacing} 

支撐綠道的立柱高度為16米，位于區域中心，對人類活動無任何頭高限制（例如匝道下方，等等）。針對有頭高限制的區域，間隔立柱高度將增至32米，使人們在架空步道下方的社交活動更加靈活自如。

^{Columns supporting the greenway are at 16 metre centres in areas where there is no head height for human activity (under ramps, etc.). When there is head height the column spacing has been increased to 32 metres, to make the space under the elevated more flexible for community activities.}

薄膜、桁架與吊籃

^{membranes, trusses and cradles} 

橋梁跨度大小各有不同，可超過綠道的32米有效跨度。為了解決此問題，橋梁采用三種基本結構：可穿孔薄膜、桁架及懸空系統。

^{Bridge spans vary and can exceed the efficient 32m span of the greenway. To deal with this issue, the bridges explore three structural principles: perforated membranes, trusses, and suspension systems.}

薄膜備選方案有兩個：其一，質量大的地方采用中間跨接法，恰似一個弧形拱門；其二，增加支撐體質量，起到抗拉伸結構的作用。桁架系統中常見的華倫式桁架改為一連串傾斜的過濾膜；懸空方案采用支撐式動態吊籃。綜合應用多個方案，將每座橋梁都打造成為城市中獨特靚麗的地標式建筑。

^{There are two membrane options: one where the greater mass sits mid-span and acts as an arch; the second option has mass at the supports and acts as a tensile structure. The truss system turns the familiar Warren truss into a series of inclined membranes, and the suspension option explores a propped cradle dynamic. These options provide variety of combinations to assist in making each bridge a unique landmark in the city.}

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