《景觀設計學》2020年第4期

控制與不確定性：對原型思維范式的展望

^{Control and Uncertainty: Towards a Paradigm of Prototyping}

^{作者：張子豪，劉潯  ZHANG Zihao, LIU Xun}

摘要 

本文探索了一種不同于模型設計的原型思維新范式。在將控制論與景觀設計進行并置分析后發現，自20世紀至21世紀初，景觀設計學科的發展規律反映了控制論在同一時期的發展進程。早期關于系統動力學的決定論和線性理解，逐漸被基于演生論和開放式的主張所取代。在演生論的框架下，筆者強調一類可被理解為原型的特殊模型不能被基于“建模－預測－控制”的傳統框架所包容。原型并不像傳統建模過程那樣，用模型代表一個開放的生命系統，原型本身就可以被理解為一個獨立的生命體系。原型思維可以取代模型設計，并展現出三方面的特質：1）原型本身即具有“生命力”，這是設計與創造力的根本；2）原型的真正意義在于其未被定義的狀態，而不在于其可被定義的最直接的用途；3）這種未被定義的狀態能夠提供無限可能，并將人們與未來之間的關系從過去的偶然性和預測轉變為期待與展望。

關鍵詞 

原型；景觀；控制論；系統思維；不確定性；控制

^Abstract  

^{This paper maps out a new paradigm of prototyping that acts as an alternative to the model-making paradigm. By juxtaposing the cybernetics movement with landscape design, the authors have mapped out a development in landscape discourse that mirrors the movement of cybernetics in the 20th century and early 21st century. The early deterministic and linear understanding of systems dynamics is replaced by an emergent and open-ended view. Taking on a framework of emergence, the authors highlight a special type of model that does not fit within the conventional model-predict-control framework. Rather than models that represent another living system, these models are living systems in themselves with autonomy and lives. This special type of model can be understood as prototypes. Prototyping replaces model-making and exhibits three distinctive qualities: 1) A prototype has a life of its own, which serves as the basis for design and creativity; 2) The real usefulness of a prototype lies in its undefined identity rather than its defined and direct application; And 3) the identified quality provides a wide range of possibilities, thus changing our relationship with the future from chance and prediction to anticipation and hope.}

^Keywords 

^{Prototype; Landscape; Cybernetics; Systems Thinking; Uncertainty; Control}

身體經驗與時空想象——基于場地、場景、場域的景觀建構原型研究

^{Physical Experience and Space-Time Imagery—Research on The Prototype of Landscape Design by Understanding Site, Sight, and Insight}

^{作者：魏方， 黃子艦  WEI Fang, HUANG Zijian}

摘要

當代景觀作為抵抗環境同質化、提供豐富文化想象力的重要媒介，對身體體驗的忽視更易造成人與環境之間的感知矛盾與割裂。本文提出將身體－時間－空間的關系原型作為研究基于差異性要素建構的場地、場景、場域三種設計維度的抽象話語，分別表征為物質建構、意義建構和場域建構；隨后探討了如何通過控制空間序列與內外向、閾的設置、文本與句法的建構、激發事件與社會想象力等具體施行路徑的作用，構成物質空間中的推拉運動、意義空間中的側顯與完形、場域空間的統覺，從而加深人對景觀空間的感知。本文以身體經驗與時空想象為切入點，提取并梳理了不同維度的景觀建構思維，認為合理的差異要素組織設計方式可以通過以上三元維度建立深刻且親密的人地關系。

關鍵詞 

體驗景觀；原型；時間－空間；閾；社會互動；景觀構建

^Abstract  

^{Contemporary landscape is an important medium that resists the environmental homogeneity and diversifies the cultural imagery. The neglect of physical experience would intensify the perception contradiction and separation between people and the site. This paper proposes to use the prototype of the interactions between the body, time, and space to build an abstract discourse to study the design dimensions of site, sight, and insight based on different elements—the three dimensions are represented as perception, conception, and live. It then focuses on how to employ design methods (including the arrangement of spatial sequence and direction, the design of thresholds in the space, the creation of texts and syntaxes, and the stimulation of events and social imagery) to form the push-pull movement in the material space, the abschattung and gestalt of ideographic texts in the meaning space, and the apperception of the social field, so as to enhance people’s perception of the landscape. This paper studies physical experience and space-time imagery to extract and deduce the thinking of landscape design within varied dimensions, and argues that a profound and intimate relationship between man and the site can be established by organizing different elements under the ternary system of site, sight, and insight.}

^Keywords 

^{Experiencing Landscape; Prototype; Space-Time; Threshold; Social Interaction; Landscape Design}

運用空間句法衡量小型城市公園的安全性——以埃及開羅市羅德－法拉格公園為例

^{Space Syntax as a Tool to Measure Safety in Small Urban Parks—A Case Study of Rod El Farag Park in Cairo, Egypt}

^{作者：諾哈?艾哈邁德?阿卜杜勒?阿齊茲  Noha Ahmed Abd El AZIZ}

摘要

數十年來，厘清犯罪行為及其發生場所之間的關系一直是設計和社會領域的研究重點。盡管空間句法理論為研究環境的布局特征及其對人們活動與犯罪方式的潛在影響提供了有力支持，其在景觀設計中的運用卻仍然較少。本研究借助空間句法理論，使用depthmapX軟件分析了埃及開羅市一座公園的空間布局并預測了其安全水平，以期填補這一空白。研究通過現場觀察和采訪公園工作人員收集了該公園2019年的犯罪記錄，并運用ArcGIS 10.3軟件對其進行分析。結果表明，空間深度、整合度、連接度和犯罪模式分布之間存在較強的相關性。公園的可見性分析圖則顯示了夏季和冬季植被（常綠喬木／落葉喬木）對視覺連接度和犯罪類型的不同影響。研究指出，將空間句法理論應用于景觀設計仍面臨挑戰，但該方法在預測城市公園犯罪情況方面具有較大潛力。此類研究結果可為改進公園的概念設計提供參考，以創造更安全的公園環境。

關鍵詞 

CPTED；空間句法；開羅公園；安全公園；depthmapX軟件；環境設計

^Abstract  

^{Decoding the relationship between crime and place has been the focus of researchers in both design and social fields for a few decades. Space syntax theory offers the possibility of examining the configuration characteristics of the environment and their potential influences on people’s activities and crime patterns; however, its implementation in landscape architecture has been limited. This study responds to such a gap by exploring the effectiveness of applying space syntax theory to predict safety levels in a park in Cairo, Egypt. depthmapX was used to analyze the spatial configuration of the park. Crime records from 2019 were collected through site observation and staff interviews, and analyzed using ArcGIS 10.3 software. Results indicated a strong correlation between space depth / integration / connectivity and crime pattern distribution. The park visibility graphs indicated the different impacts of vegetation (evergreen tree / deciduous trees) in summer and winter on visual connectivity and crime types. The research concluded that applying space syntax theory to landscape architecture is challenging; nevertheless, it represents a promising approach to predict committing crimes in urban parks, and the findings can be adopted to enhance park conceptual designs to achieve higher safety level.}  

^Keywords 

^{CPTED; Space Syntax; Cairo’s Parks; Safe Parks; depthmapX; Environmental Design}

古村落宅間元素的分類及其平面特征解讀——以安徽省黃山市關麓村為例

^{Categorization of the Spatial Elements between Courtyards in Historical Villages and Interpretation of Their Morphological Characteristics—A Case Study on Guanlu Village in Huangshan City, Anhui Province}

^{作者：王國偉，羅杰威  WANG Guowei, Paolo Vincenzo GENOVESE}

摘要 

宅間元素是古村落景觀的重要組成部分。在鄉村景觀同質化的當下，現有地方元素的研究傾向于傳統符號或建筑細部等，而較少關注構成古村落宅間平面形態的核心元素。本文以安徽省黃山市關麓村為例，梳理了28種古村落宅間元素的分類，繪制了相應的元素圖式，并從面積、圓形度、矩形度、緊湊度和寬長比5個方面量化分析了元素的平面特征。本研究不僅有益于細化古村落平面形態的理論研究，還有助于促進地方元素的挖掘及應用。這一基于元素分類、圖式及其平面特征量化分析的方法模型為以延續地域特征為目的的村落景觀平面設計提供了客觀依據，同時豐富了村落景觀設計語匯，避免設計元素模塊化和千村一面等現象。

關鍵詞 

古村落；宅間元素；設計元素；景觀；平面特征；設計語匯；關麓村

^Abstract  

^{Spatial elements between courtyards are an important component of the landscape of historical villages. With an increasingly homogenous rural landscape in China, most existing studies focus on traditional symbols and architectural details, while little research is conducted to explore the core elements that shape the spaces between village courtyards. Taking Guanlu Village in Huangshan City, Anhui Province as an example, the research team identified 28 sorts of spatial elements, developed the corresponding diagrams, and quantified their morphological characteristics in area, circularity, rectangularity, compactness, and width-length ratio. This research not only contributes to the theoretical development on the morphology of ancient villages, but also helps promote the exploration and application of local elements. This village landscape design model constituted with element categorization, diagram drawing, and morphological quantitative analysis would provide scientific evidences that help inform the practices to revitalize village localities, showing its practical significance of enriching the design vocabulary of village landscapes and avoiding the prevailing, generic usage of modular designs with urban landscape elements.} 

^Keywords 

^{Historical Village; Spatial Element between Courtyards; Design Elements; Landscape; Morphological Characteristics; Design Vocabulary; Guanlu Village}

療愈性街景元素識別與評價研究

^{An Explorative Study on the Identification and Evaluation of Restorative Streetscape Elements}

^{作者：殷雨婷，邵鈺涵，薛貞穎，凱文?斯韋茨，張克新  YIN Yuting, SHAO Yuhan, XUE Zhenying, Kevin THWAITES, ZHANG Kexin}

摘要

街道作為一種重要的城市公共空間，療愈潛能是其社會價值的體現之一。本研究從注意力恢復理論出發，以其提出的療愈性環境的4個特征因子—“遠離性”“延展性”“迷人性”“兼容性”為依據，闡明了街道空間具有療愈性對于高密度城市環境中居民的重要意義。研究通過將傳統的療愈性量表問卷與移動式眼動儀相結合，了解使用者在城市街道環境中能夠獲得的療愈性體驗，并識別出與療愈性相關的街景元素，用以探究不同元素對人們療愈性體驗的影響程度。研究結果表明，“綠植”“人”“汽車”等是顯著影響街道使用者療愈體驗的街景元素。此外，不同街景元素對療愈環境4個特征因子的影響程度也不盡相同，如：對于遠離性、延展性和迷人性三個維度來說，“綠植”的影響最為重要；而對于兼容性維度來說，“人”是核心影響因素。研究結果可為歸納提升街道療愈性的設計導則提供參考，并幫助專業人員依據不同類型街道的療愈性側重點制定具有針對性的設計改善思路。

關鍵詞 

療愈性；街景元素；感知評價量表；移動式眼動儀；注意力恢復理論

^Abstract  

^{The street is a type of important urban public space with multiple social values, one of which is the restorative potential. Based on the “being-away,” “extent,” “fascination,” and “compatibility” constructs of restorative environments proposed by the Attention Recovery Theory, this study elaborated the significance of restorativeness provided by street environments to people living in high-density cities. It used the traditional restorativeness scale with mobile eye trackers to explore the restorative experience provided by an urban street, and identified the specific streetscape elements related to restorativeness and the degree of their influences. The results show that “greenery,” “people,” and “cars” perform significant influences, and different streetscape elements have different degrees of influences on the 4 constructs of the restorative environment. For example, for the “being-away,” “extent,” and “fascination” constructs, the influence of “greenery” is the most important, while “people” plays the core role in “compatibility.” The findings can help professionals develop targeted design strategies to improve diverse street environments for a better restorativeness.}  

^Keywords 

^{Restorativeness; Streetscape Elements; Perception Evaluation Scale; Mobile Eye Tracker; Attention Recovery Theory}

原型思維在廣義建成景觀中的設計應用

^{Prototyping in the Design of Built Landscapes}

^{作者：李靜蕓，董華冠，姜佳怡  LI Jingyi, DONG Huaguan, JIANG Jiayi}

摘要 

“原型”起源于“本質主義”—認為萬物均擁有其客觀存在的本質，人們可以對典型現象進行抽象、描述并揭示該事物的本質。在建筑學發展過程中，由于本質主義無法描述形態變體的差異性，因而產生了類型學的概念。類型學強調對建筑形式進行變化和組合，形成與歷史、文化或環境具有內在聯系的新的空間形式。而在景觀領域，面對復雜多變的設計對象，自類型學衍化而來的原型概念由于包含時間維度而被更廣泛應用?？梢哉f，原型思維是一種空間秩序的描述及測試，從提取特征、確定形式、測試模擬，到最終引入實體空間，形成了“抽象－衍化－測試－結果”的設計方法。在景觀都市主義語境下，設計者首先必須了解場地的特定文脈，了解過去和未來及使用人群的設計語言，而后進行原型推演，并將時間性納入考慮。本文主要探討了原型概念的演化過程，并進一步討論原型思維在廣義建成景觀設計過程的三個階段——研究設計對象、推敲設計策略及測試最優策略——中起到的作用。

關鍵詞 

原型思維；建成景觀；切片；情境分析；模擬

^Abstract  

^{The concept of “prototype” originated from "essentialism"—the theory holds that everything is found in its own pure realm that can be typically abstracted, described, and represented. In the development of Architecture, essentialism fails to describe the differences between formal variations, and then Typology was born which manifests the new spatial forms that are embedded within the historical, cultural, and environmental contexts through the changes and combinations of architecture. Prototype, stemming from Typology, highlights the qualities of the time dimension and has been broadly used in the field of landscape architecture to address the objects that are often complex and chaotic. Prototyping is to profile and test the spatial order and characterized by a process of “extraction–deduction–test–outcome”: through the scenario analysis upon understanding and perception of the site, the design extracts the elements, deduces the forms, tests the simulations, iterates the strategies, and finally realizes the outcome physically. In the discourse of Landscape Urbanism, designers must understand the specific material language of the site, the design language of the site’s history (past and future), and the design language of the human activities proposed, while considering the changes over time. This article primarily reviews the evolution of the concept of prototype, and discusses its role in benefiting the design of built landscapes, ranging from the design investigation to the conceiving and testing of design strategies.}

^Keywords 

^{Prototyping; Built Landscape; Site Section; Scenario Analysis; Simulation}

城市綠地促進人群健康的作用途徑：理論框架與實踐啟示

^{Impact Mechanism of Urban Green Spaces in Promoting Public Health: Theoretical Framework and Inspiration for Practical Experiences}

^{作者：張金光，余兆武，趙兵  ZHANG Jinguang, YU Zhaowu, ZHAO Bing}

摘要

城市綠地不僅可以提供廣泛的生態系統服務，也能提升人群健康。當前，已有大量研究論述了城市綠地與人群健康的關系并取得了諸多進展，但尚缺少對兩者復雜潛在作用途徑的探討。本文首先論述了城市綠地對人群健康的積極與消極影響，其次從鼓勵體力活動、緩解精神壓力、提高社會凝聚力和提供生態系統調節／支持服務4個方面構建了城市綠地促進人群健康的作用途徑理論框架。在此框架研究基礎上初步提出了健康導向下的城市綠地系統規劃應對策略，具體包括：1）提升城市綠地的可獲得性；2）提高城市綠地的可達性；3）增強城市綠地的可視性；4）優化城市綠地的空間要素組成；5）構建網絡狀城市綠地空間格局；6）降低城市綠地對人群健康的消極影響。研究成果可為人群健康和城市可持續發展提供有效的理論基礎和經驗啟示，讓有限的城市綠地發揮更大的健康效益。

關鍵詞 

人群健康；城市綠地；基于自然的解決方案；生態系統服務；城市綠地系統規劃

^Abstract  

^{Urban green spaces can not only offer a wide range of ecosystem services, but also promote public health. Most of existing studies have effectually explored the correlation between urban green spaces and public health, but failed to dig the complex impact mechanism behind. This article firstly goes into the positive and negative impacts of urban green spaces on public health, and proposes a theoretical framework of the impact mechanism from perspectives of physical activity encouragement, stress management, social cohesion enhancement, and regulating / supporting services provision by ecosystems. On this basis, 6 health-oriented urban green space system planning strategies are proposed, including promoting the availability, improving the accessibility, enhancing the visibility, optimizing the spatial composition, constructing a network pattern of urban green spaces, and reducing the negative impacts of urban green spaces on public health. The research results can provide theoretical grounding and reference for public health promotion and sustainable urban development to exert more health benefits with limited urban green spaces.}

^Keywords 

^{Public Health; Urban Green Spaces; Nature-Based Solutions; Ecosystem Services; Urban Green Space System Planning}

區域“脊柱”太浦河：基于原型設計的國土空間規劃補充途徑

^{Taipu Canal as a Regional Spine: A Prototypical Approach to Territorial Planning}

^{作者：謝雨婷，克里斯蒂安?諾爾夫，董楠楠，戴代新，張斗  XIE Yuting, Christian NOLF, DONG Nannan, DAI Daixin, ZHANG Dou}

摘要

2018年以來，長江三角洲區域一體化發展上升為國家戰略，以加強該區域城市間的協作，但目前開放空間的保護與規劃途徑以定量評價為主，依然沿用自上而下的控制性規劃導則。太浦河流經上海、蘇州和杭州之間的區域綠心，目前主要發揮工程功能。本設計研究項目提出將太浦河升級為串聯公民生活的軸線，制定新的區域發展框架，并使其串聯沿線多樣化的開放空間、生態系統和歷史水鄉古鎮。項目采用了跨尺度的“地情－原型”方法，整合樣本圖繪、類型學研究和實驗場地的原型設計探索，并將其貫穿于各個尺度，以評估如何將原型設計策略歸納為系統性的規劃導則，并在區域尺度進行統一實施。本文總結的這種原型設計途徑為中國自上而下的國土空間規劃體系提供了適當補充，以更好地應對愈加復雜的場地條件和更大尺度的空間規劃需求。

關鍵詞 

原型；設計研究；景觀特征；景觀基礎設施；國土空間規劃；長江三角洲一體化；江南公園

^Abstract  

^{Since 2018, the integrated regional development of the Yangtze River Delta has been subjected as a national strategy to intensify the interconnection between its cities. However, the questions of open space conservation and planning have so far remained essentially quantitative and strongly informed by regulatory and top-down principles. Focusing on the vast green heart between Shanghai, Suzhou, and Hangzhou, this design-driven research project hypothesizes that Taipu Canal can be upgraded from its current technical role into a civic spine that frames new developments and articulates the rich diversity of open spaces, ecosystems, historic water towns and villages. The research adopts a cross-scale method of “contextual prototypes” that combines sampling, typological classification, and prototypical design explorations in pilot projects. A reflective phase zooms out to critically assess how these prototypical strategies can be systemized as structuring principles at the regional scale. The conclusion of the article discusses how this prototypical approach offers an opportunity to inductively complement the top-down Chinese territorial planning system, which needs to cope with increasingly complex conditions and vaster scales.}

^Keywords 

^{Prototype; Research-by-Design; Landscape Characteristics; Landscape Infrastructure; Territorial Planning; Yangtze River Delta Integration; Jiangnan Park}

促進社區設計和管理中的參與性行動：泰國昂西拉地區集體智能數字平臺

^{Enabling Participatory Actions in Community Design and Management: A Collective Intelligent Digital Platform in Ang Sila, Thailand}

^{作者：戎航，楊竣程，錢經緯  Helena H. RONG, YANG Juncheng, William Jingwei QIAN}

摘要

過去10年間，隨著數據收集、計算機技術及可視化方法的發展，“可持續智慧城市”這一旨在運用數字技術解決各類城市問題的新興概念逐漸得到推廣。然而，早期的方法忽略了公眾參與決策過程的重要性，導致社會個體與專家權威之間信息不對稱，弱勢群體的代理權日益萎縮。本文介紹了由研究團隊所設計的“共同設計昂西拉”（CoDAS）這一公民參與數字平臺和工作流程：這個工具可以促進民眾和專家權威在項目的各個階段中持續溝通。通過讓眾多利益相關者作為共同創作者參與到設計過程之中，CoDAS可以提高不同群體之間的溝通效率，并實現設計和開發結果的公平及項目建成后使用階段的公共資源管理。研究團隊就泰國一個歷史悠久的漁村—昂西拉附近的一處新開發項目展開了場地設計實驗，對這一構想進行了驗證。

關鍵詞 

集體智慧；城市設計；城市治理；社區營造；可持續智慧城市；社區平臺；數字應用

^Abstract  

^{Advancements in data collection, computing, and visualization methods have given rise to a new form of urban concept over the last decade: the smart sustainable city which tackles various urban challenges with digital technologies. However, earlier approaches omit the importance of citizens’ involvement in decision-making processes, which leads to an imbalanced information asymmetry between individuals and authorities and an increasingly reduced agency for the vulnerable. In this article, a tool and process was proposed which integrates the voices of evolving self-organizing entities to solve collective action challenges: Named as CoDAS (Co-Design Ang Sila), it is a digital platform which facilitates continuous communication between citizens and authorities during different development phases of a given project. By including a large number of stakeholders to participate in the co-design process as co-creators, CoDAS aims to improve communication efficiency while achieving equitable outcomes in design and development, along with post-occupancy common resource management. To test this hypothesis, a site design experiment was conducted on a site near a historical fishing village of Ang Sila, Thailand.}

^Keywords 

^{Collective Intelligence; Urban Design; Urban Governance; Community Building; Smart Sustainable City; Community Platform; Digital Application}

路緣沉積：利用原型思維過程探究如何通過路緣及路肩設計截留暴雨中的路面污染物

^{Curbing Sediment: A Prototyping Process to Explore How to Capture Road Pollutants in Stormwater Events via Curb and Apron Redesign}

^{作者：哈麗娜?斯坦納，瑞恩?溫斯頓，艾薇?歐貝爾，亞力克?格林姆  Halina STEINER, Ryan WINSTON, Avee OABEL, Alec GRIMM}

摘要

路緣的設計簡單明了：路緣本身為雨水提供了輸送途徑，促使水和污染物由街道匯入河道。路面上存積著各種沉積物，包括草坪肥料中的營養物質、細菌、病毒、殺蟲劑、金屬元素，以及各種油和油脂。當暴雨發生時，這些物質會在未經處理的情況下被沖入雨水管道，而后排入河道，進而影響水質乃至整個生態系統。那么，如何通過提升路緣設計標準來產生更大的系統性影響？

如果重新設計路緣，使其可以像磁石一樣吸附雨水中的污染物，則將打破路緣固有的設計標準。2019年夏，一支跨學科研究團隊在俄亥俄州立大學對標準混凝土路緣及路肩的替代方案進行了測試。該團隊使用迭代設計過程在路緣和路肩表面增加了不同的圖案和凹槽，并使用全尺寸模型測試了模擬暴雨事件，收集了相關數據以評估21種替代設計方案的表現。結果表明，新的路緣及路肩組合設計方案可以有效地在道路上攔截污染物，避免其進一步危害水體及水生生態系統。

關鍵詞 

基礎設施；水文學；雨洪；路緣；沉積物；城市設計

^Abstract  

^{The design of a curb is straight forward. The curb itself provides a conveyance of stormwater, facilitating the movement of water and pollutants from the street into waterways. Pollutants such as sediment, nutrients from lawn fertilizers, bacteria, viruses, pesticides, metals, and petroleum by-products accumulate on the road surface and are released during storm events, carried to storm drains, and deposited into waterways, often without treatment. Once pollutants enter the waterways they impact the ecosystem and affect water quality. How can discrete standards—like a curb—be leveraged to have larger systemic impacts?} 

^{The redesign of the curb to perform as a magnet for pollutants can challenge this design standard. During the summer of 2019, the interdisciplinary research team tested alternatives to the standard concrete curb and apron at Ohio State University. The team used an iterative design process to add patterning and crenellations to the face of the curb and apron. Using full scale models to test simulated storm events, the team collected data to evaluate the performance of 21 alternative designs. The results suggest the new combined curb and apron designs can abstract pollutants from roadways before they are detrimental to water bodies and aquatic ecosystems.}

^Keywords 

^{Infrastructure; Hydrology; Stormwater; Curb; Sediment; Urban Design}

響應式生物修復：規范海南沿海開發的不確定性、評價及調和

^{Responsive Bioremediation: Regulating the Uncertainty, Assessment, and Negotiation for Coastal Developments in Hainan, China}

^{作者：郭小曼  KWOK Siu Man}

摘要

填海造地和疏浚活動會損害海洋和沿海生態。本研究理性分析了獲批的環境影響評價中存在的沖突點，包括對沿海和海洋生境所受直接及間接影響的忽視，環評流程中的漏洞，以及海洋環境修復方案的缺陷，旨在使利益相關者更好地了解填海造地對海洋和沿海生態系統造成的直接及間接影響，以促使其遵循合理的環評流程，并實施響應式海洋生物修復方案。研究以中國海南海花島為例，通過在疏浚之前及過程中應用響應式牡蠣－海草－珊瑚濾床系統，使周邊海域的水濁度和懸沙濃度保持在珊瑚礁的耐受范圍之內。

關鍵詞

填海造地；疏浚；環境影響評價；海洋生物修復；響應式原型；牡蠣－海草－珊瑚濾床系統

^Abstract

^{Land reclamation and dredging have a damaging effect on marine and coastal ecology. This study rationally analyzes the conflicts in the approved environmental impact assessment (EIA), including the negligence of the direct and indirect effects on coastal and marine habitats, the short circuit of the EIA procedures among stakeholders, and the insufficient marine environmental restoration schemes. This study also promotes awareness among the stakeholders so they will understand the direct and indirect effects of land reclamation on marine and coastal ecosystems, as well as the indications if they follow the EIA procedures, and implement a responsive marine bioremediation before and during the dredging process. By taking the Ocean Flower Island in Hainan, China as an example, this study applied the responsive oyster-seagrass-coral filtration bed system before and during the dredging process to maintain the water turbidity and suspended sediment concentration below the tolerance limits of the coral reefs in the adjacent areas.}

^Keywords

^{Land Reclamation; Dredging; Environmental Impact Assessment; Marine Bioremediation; Responsive Prototype; Oyster-Seagrass-Coral Filtration Bed System}

大地舞臺：面向未來的廢棄土地修復

^{Earth Choreographer: Remediating Obsolete Grounds of the Future}

^{作者：安娜?科爾尼瓦，厄爾瑪克?圖蘭里  Anna KORNEEVA, Irmak TURANLI}

摘要 

作為一種設計方法，“大地舞臺”聚焦于廢棄油田景觀的規劃設計與功能重構。本文所介紹的項目以此方法命名，探討了廢棄工業用地修復和再利用的迫切需求與機遇，以在未來幾十年間—乃至工業用地達到預期使用年限后—不斷發掘土地的開發潛力，制定相應的預景，并在設計過程中保留場地和景觀曾遭受破壞的痕跡。在技術不斷發展、自然資源危機日益加劇的背景下，本文回答了以下問題：1）生產性景觀的“一手保護，一手重建”意味著什么？2）如何描繪一個不斷被機械重塑的地平面，以及隨之變化的人類與非人類活動區域的邊界？3）一片不斷自我消解和重建的場地是什么樣？

該項目采用動態設計方法提出了2025~2080年的若干預景設計，使場地能夠根據不斷變化的使用者需求和利益取向持續發展，回應氣候變化和資源枯竭危機，為廢棄景觀的改造和復興提供原型參考。

關鍵詞 

石油開采；廢棄景觀；修復；再利用；原型；夯土

^Abstract  

^{Earth Choreographer is a design methodology that focuses on choreographing, scoring, and de-territorializing the landscape of an obsolete oil field. The project introduced in this article, titled Earth Choreographer, explores the imperatives and opportunities in remediation and repurposing of obsolete industrial sites, aiming to continuously investigate the potential of the land and possible scenarios over decades—even when the intended life cycle of the industrial site is over. It presents a design process that recognizes the ruination of the ground and the landscape. By acknowledging the evolving technologies and ever-increasing preoccupation with natural resources, it answers the following questions: 1) What happens when a productive landscape is sought to be both partially preserved and recreated? 2) How to represent a ground plane that is being constantly reconfigured by machines with ever-changing boundaries of spaces for human and non-human occupation? And 3) what does a site that constantly erases and reconstructs itself look like?}

^{With several scenarios from 2025 to 2080, this project acts as a prototype for inhabiting obsolete landscapes by addressing climate change and depletion of resources. Its dynamic design methodology allows the site to constantly evolve and change over time based on the needs and interests of its occupiers.}

^Keywords 

^{Oil Extraction; Obsolete Landscape; Remediation; Repurposing; Prototype; Rammed Earth}